Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
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Disease agent<br />
PROTOZOA<br />
Eimeria alpacae, E. lamae,<br />
E. punoensis, E.<br />
macusaniensis, E.<br />
peruviana<br />
Anaplasma centrale<br />
<strong>and</strong> A. marginale<br />
OIE<br />
Listed<br />
No No<br />
Yes No<br />
Babesia spp. of livestock Yes No<br />
Zoonotic Disease or<br />
potential<br />
carrier<br />
Encephalitozoon cuniculi No Yes Yes<br />
Sarcocystis aucheniae <strong>and</strong><br />
S. lamacenis<br />
No Yes<br />
Toxoplasma gondii<br />
Neospora caninum,<br />
No Yes<br />
Cryptosporidium parvum,<br />
<strong>and</strong> Giardia intestinalis<br />
No Yes<br />
Theileria spp. No No<br />
Trypanosoma spp. Yes Yes<br />
INTERNAL PARASITES<br />
Cestodes: several species<br />
including Echinococcus<br />
granulosus<br />
Yes Yes<br />
Nematodes: many species No No<br />
Trematodes:<br />
Fasciola hepatica<br />
Fasciola gigantica<br />
Fascioloides magna<br />
Dicrocoelium dendriticum<br />
EXTERNAL PARASITES<br />
New World Screwworm<br />
Other myiasis infestations<br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes (Taylor , Coop<br />
& Wall 2007)<br />
No (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002k;<br />
Taylor Coop & Wall<br />
2007)<br />
No (Taylor, Coop &<br />
Wall 2007, Wernery<br />
& Kaaden 2002l)<br />
Yes (Taylor , Coop<br />
& Wall 2007; More<br />
et al 2008)<br />
Yes (More et al<br />
2008)<br />
Yes (Taylor , Coop<br />
& Wall 2007; More<br />
et al 2008)<br />
No (Taylor, Coop &<br />
Wall 2007)<br />
Yes (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002)<br />
Yes (Taylor , Coop<br />
& Wall 2007)<br />
Yes (Taylor, Coop<br />
& Wall 2007)<br />
Yes (Taylor , Coop<br />
& Wall 2007)<br />
Yes (Taylor , Coop<br />
& Wall 2007)<br />
Yes (Taylor , Coop<br />
& Wall 2007)<br />
Yes<br />
Yes (Taylor, Coop<br />
& Wall 2007)<br />
Yes<br />
(Mattoon et al 1997;<br />
Radostits et al 2007)<br />
Present in<br />
NZ<br />
Some species<br />
(McKenna 2006)<br />
No Yes<br />
Present in<br />
any relevant<br />
country<br />
Yes<br />
(OIE 2009b; MAF<br />
1997)<br />
Preliminary<br />
hazard<br />
MAF Biosecurity New Zeal<strong>and</strong> <strong>Import</strong> <strong>risk</strong> <strong>analysis</strong>: <strong>Llamas</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>alpacas</strong> from specified countries ● 11<br />
No<br />
No<br />
No Yes No<br />
Yes<br />
(Anonymous<br />
1980)<br />
Yes [(Mason &<br />
Orr 1993)<br />
Yes (McKenna<br />
2009)<br />
Yes (McKenna<br />
2009)<br />
Yes No<br />
Yes No<br />
Yes No<br />
Yes No<br />
Yes Yes No<br />
No Yes Yes<br />
No (MAF 1997)<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Some Yes Yes<br />
Yes (McKenna<br />
2009)<br />
No (McKenna<br />
2009)<br />
No (McKenna<br />
2009)<br />
No<br />
No (McKenna<br />
2009)<br />
Some spp.<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes
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