Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
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Disease agent<br />
necrophorum<br />
Pasteurella multocida types<br />
6B <strong>and</strong> 6E<br />
OIE<br />
Listed<br />
Yes No<br />
Mannheimia haemolytica No No<br />
Leptospira spp. (exotic) Yes Yes<br />
Zoonotic Disease or<br />
potential<br />
carrier<br />
Yes (OIE 2009a;<br />
Wernery & Kaaden<br />
2002i)<br />
Yes (Dwan et al<br />
2008)<br />
Yes Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002g)<br />
Present in<br />
NZ<br />
Present in<br />
any relevant<br />
country<br />
No Yes (OIE 2009b) Yes<br />
Yes Yes No<br />
Few serovars<br />
(Midwinter 1999)<br />
Yes (OIE 2009b) Yes<br />
Listeria monocytogenes No Yes Yes Yes (MAF 1997) Yes No<br />
Anaplasma (Ehrlichia)<br />
phagocytophilum<br />
Yes No<br />
Mycobacterium avium<br />
subsp. paratuberculosis<br />
Mycobacterium bovis<br />
Corynebacterium<br />
Yes Yes<br />
pseudotuberculosis<br />
No No<br />
sheep/goat strain<br />
Mycoplasma capricolum<br />
subsp. capripneumoniae<br />
(biotype F-38)<br />
Mycoplasma<br />
(Eperythrozoon)<br />
haemolamae<br />
Mycoplasma mycoides<br />
subsp. mycoides SC<br />
Yes Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002k)<br />
Preliminary<br />
hazard<br />
10 ● <strong>Import</strong> <strong>risk</strong> <strong>analysis</strong>: <strong>Llamas</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>alpacas</strong> from specified countries MAF Biosecurity New Zeal<strong>and</strong><br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
(Grzeszczuk et al<br />
2004)<br />
Yes No Yes Yes (MAF 1997) Yes No<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
No No<br />
Yes (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002i)<br />
Yes (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002f)<br />
No (OIE 2009a)<br />
Yes (Reagan et al<br />
1990)<br />
Yes<br />
Yes** Yes (OIE 2009b) Yes<br />
Yes (Radostits<br />
et al 2007)<br />
No (OIE 2009b)<br />
Yes (Radostits<br />
et al 2007)<br />
No (OIE 2009b)<br />
No<br />
No<br />
No Yes Yes<br />
Yes No No (OIE 2009a) No (OIE 2009b) No (OIE 2009b) No<br />
Nocardia asteroides No Yes Yes Yes (MAF 1997) Yes No<br />
Salmonella spp. No Yes<br />
Some spp. Yes Yes<br />
Yes (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002d)<br />
Rhodococcus equi No Yes Yes Yes Yes No<br />
Streptococcus spp. No Yes Yes Yes Yes No<br />
Yersina pestis No Yes<br />
No (MAF 2009) Yes (CDC 2009) Yes<br />
FUNGI<br />
Aspergillus fumigatus<br />
Trichophyton verrucosum,<br />
T. mentagrophytes, <strong>and</strong><br />
Microsporum spp.<br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
Yes (Orloski &<br />
Lathrop 2003)<br />
Yes<br />
No Yes Yes Yes (MAF 1997) Yes No<br />
C<strong>and</strong>ida albicans No Yes Yes Yes Yes No<br />
Coccidioides immitis<br />
No Yes Yes No (MAF 1997) Yes Yes<br />
Rhizopus spp. No Yes Yes Yes Yes No<br />
Dermatophilus congolensis No Yes Yes Yes Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
No
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