Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...

animals. Faeces produced during transport should be safely disposed of, either en route or
on arrival in New Zealand.
38.1.5. Hazard identification conclusion
It is concluded that weed seeds or plant material could be introduced attached to animal’s
fibres/coats or in their faeces. Therefore weed seeds and plant material are considered to be
potential hazards in the commodity.
38.2. RISK ASSESSMENT
38.2.1. Entry assessment
Seeds and plant material could be introduced attached to the animal itself or within its
digestive tract. The entry assessment is therefore considered to be non-negligible.
38.2.2. Exposure assessment
Weed seeds could become detached from hair or voided in faeces. They are generally
resistant to most environmental conditions and may remain dormant until conditions are
favourable for germination. Therefore, the likelihood that seeds could germinate and grow
if released into a suitable environment is considered to be non-negligible.
38.2.3. Consequence assessment
As a result of the entry of seeds or plant material, exotic noxious weeds could be
introduced and become established with subsequent deleterious effects on the environment
and the economy. The consequence assessment is therefore considered to be nonnegligible.
38.2.4. Risk estimation
Because entry, exposure, and consequence assessments are non-negligible, the risk
estimate is non-negligible and weed seeds, plants, and plant material associated with the
commodity are classified as hazards. Therefore, risk management measures may be
justified.
38.3. RISK MANAGEMENT
38.3.1. Options
The following points were considered when drafting options for the effective management
of weeds and seeds associated with the commodity:
� The risks of introducing seeds and plant material attached to camelids and hair
could be greatly reduced if they have been closely shorn and/or groomed and kept
free from visible contaminating plant material.
� The measures suggested to control the introduction of ticks could greatly reduce the
likelihood of introducing weed seeds. Housing the animals for a period of 30 days
in facilities with clean impervious flooring on bedding that is not made up of grass
hay or straw will reduce the risk of contamination with weed seeds. Suitable
150 ● Import risk analysis: Llamas and alpacas from specified countries MAF Biosecurity New Zealand