The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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<strong>The</strong> Norwegian media house ORKLA issued “Publishing Principles”that guarantee for the editorial independence <strong>of</strong> theirnewspapers. Is there a similar kind <strong>of</strong> guideline in your company?Fig. 13Yes 67No 330 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Orkla or similar principles are in fashion both with journalistsand their employers never mind their political orientation. <strong>The</strong>latest German media company to introduce such rules was theconservative Hamburg/Berlin based Springer group.German print media’s credibility has long suffered fromthe erroneous perception <strong>of</strong> being too close for comfort toeither political parties or industrial interest groups. <strong>The</strong> reasonfor such a perception can be found in history. Early print mediain Germany were “children” <strong>of</strong> political and/or ideologicalareas <strong>of</strong> society.Credibility could be the most important card to play forpublishers in their fight for winning over a population whichseems, however, to be generally frustrated with German massmedia. A survey conducted in 1990 showed that 51 per cent <strong>of</strong>Germans would miss television. Ten years later this number haddropped by 7 points to only 44 per cent. Over the same period<strong>of</strong> time the appreciation rate <strong>of</strong> daily newspapers dropped from63 to 52 per cent. 76“Our only chance to survive in the long run is to push forquality and credibility” said one German publisher contactedfor this survey.Journalists, on the other hand understand the main purpose<strong>of</strong> such internal statutes as to assist them in keeping theirbearings while their pr<strong>of</strong>essional world is undergoing dramaticstructural changes.108 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
Understandably all German journalists (100%) contacted forthis survey expressed their preference to work under similarconditions as <strong>of</strong>fered by Orkla oriented principles.<strong>The</strong> interest <strong>of</strong> German journalists to see Orkla-style principlesintroduced shows that beneath the surface not everythingis going as smoothly as the previous answers might suggest.In stark contrast to the, so far, very positive picture only asmall majority <strong>of</strong> journalists feel free to voice and write their personalopinion when it differs from their paper’s <strong>of</strong>ficial line. (Fig. 14)Do you feel free to voice and write your personal opinion, evenif it differs from the <strong>of</strong>ficial line <strong>of</strong> the paper? Fig. 14Yes 57No 430 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Even though no open pressure is applied to prevent journalistsfrom researching or writing on certain events or subjects, participants<strong>of</strong> this survey, as well as trade unionists, report more sophisticatedand subtle methods to keep the editorial staff in-line:“<strong>The</strong>y (the management) make us understand that weshould be happy to keep our jobs because there are enoughpeople out there ready to replace us”.Creating fear and insecurity is a very efficient instrumentnot only to streamline the editorial content according tounspoken priorities. It quells even the slightest sign <strong>of</strong> dissentand makes for an extremely unhealthy kind <strong>of</strong> competitionamong journalists.Even though the majority <strong>of</strong> journalists contacted for this surveywould describe the general climate at their daily paper asstill being relaxed to moderately competitive, the pressure ison the rise. (Fig. 15)76 Trends in der Nutzung und Bewertung der Medien 1970 – 1990;<strong>Media</strong> Perspektiven 11/2001COUNTRY REPORTS – GERMANY 109
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
Page 57 and 58: a contribution to democratization a
Page 59: tation of this for
Page 62 and 63: This limitation in no way indicates
Page 64 and 65: press is ridiculous. Journalists co
Page 66 and 67: But these progressive aspects <stro
Page 68 and 69: Nevertheless, the loss of</
Page 70 and 71: may well be true for journalists fr
Page 72 and 73: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 74 and 75: will go to television, this being t
Page 76 and 77: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 78 and 79: Good relations with the business co
Page 80 and 81: Further, how can a newspaper, whose
Page 82 and 83: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 84 and 85: The Norwegian medi
Page 86 and 87: Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 88 and 89: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 91 and 92: 4. Number of Title
Page 93 and 94: 5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 95 and 96: Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
Page 97 and 98: publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100: A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102: 5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104: Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 107: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 111 and 112: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113 and 114: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 127 and 128: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143: of those mini-comp
Page 144 and 145: for example, is very clear on this
Page 146 and 147: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 40.1M
Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
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Lithuania is a small country with a
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Another tendency is that newspapers
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Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 31.7M
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October 22 2003 was an historic dat
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5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
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y a mostly anonymous to the general
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On a daily, practical basis there
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
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so-called “human interest” stor
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indicated that Rodipet applies a di
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5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
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12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
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Strengthening of d
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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emerging CEE countries with regard
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- Create in all OSCE participating
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Organization for Security and Co-op
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1. In which country are you working
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17. Who defines the editorial line
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29. How would you describe the situ
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- This common code of</stro
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Personal and business interestsIt i
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Orkla Media’s
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www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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