The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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On the cover is a drawing entitled Des Schreibers Hand (<strong>The</strong> Writer’sHand) by the German author and Nobel prize laureate (1999) GünterGrass. He has kindly let our Office use this as a label for publications<strong>of</strong> the OSCE Representative on Freedom <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Media</strong>.<strong>The</strong> drawing was created in the context <strong>of</strong> Grass’s novel Das Treffen inTelgte, dealing with literary authors at the time <strong>of</strong> the Thirty Years War.<strong>The</strong> publisher thanks the governments <strong>of</strong> theFederal Republic <strong>of</strong> Germany and<strong>The</strong> Netherlandsfor their financial support to this publication.© 2003Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)Office <strong>of</strong> the Representative on Freedom <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Media</strong>Kärntner Ring 5-7, Top 14, 2. DG,A-1010 ViennaTelephone: +43-1 512 21 450Telefax: +43-1 512 21 459E-mail: pm-fom@osce.orgTexts in this book represent solely the views <strong>of</strong> the researchers themselvesand do not necessarily correspond with the <strong>of</strong>ficial position <strong>of</strong> the OSCERepresentative on Freedom <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Media</strong>.Photograph on the cover: Jacqueline Godany, ViennaDesign: WerkstattKrystianBieniek, Vienna
ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Introductionby Johannes von Dohnanyi and Christian Möller 111. <strong>The</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Media</strong> <strong>Concentration</strong>on Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Journalismby Johannes von Dohnanyi 15Democracy and Pr<strong>of</strong>essional JournalismInternational Legal Framework<strong>The</strong> Socio-Political Role <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Media</strong> in Generaland Daily Newspapers in Particular<strong>Concentration</strong> in the <strong>Media</strong> SectorLegislation on <strong>Media</strong> <strong>Concentration</strong><strong>The</strong> European Union and <strong>Media</strong> <strong>Concentration</strong>New Threats on the Horizon• Cross-<strong>Media</strong> Ownership• Cross-Border Ownership• Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Journalism under Attack2. <strong>The</strong> Survey 613. General Survey Results 714. Number <strong>of</strong> Titles and Readership Structure 91
Page 3: REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
Page 7: 6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
Page 10 and 11: advertisement is very insecure, mak
Page 12 and 13: industrial lobbying groups still di
Page 15 and 16: 1. The Imp
Page 17 and 18: sidents” had been imprisoned. “
Page 19 and 20: determined Freedom of</stro
Page 21 and 22: co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
Page 23 and 24: Such independence, however, comes a
Page 25 and 26: and mirror of the
Page 27 and 28: 30 million rely exclusively on info
Page 29 and 30: Unchecked, concentration will reduc
Page 31 and 32: protected, a certain level
Page 33 and 34: indication of the
Page 35 and 36: time, as the concept of</st
Page 37 and 38: It appears, however, that this posi
Page 39 and 40: 1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
Page 41 and 42: owns or controls not only the three
Page 43 and 44: Target countries sometimes interpre
Page 45 and 46: independence proposed by the OSCE R
Page 47 and 48: groups to grow. And there is the in
Page 49 and 50: areas of Central a
Page 51 and 52: Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
Page 53 and 54: Yet this simple notion appears to b
Page 55 and 56:
newspaper firms. Using the argument
Page 57 and 58:
a contribution to democratization a
Page 59:
tation of this for
Page 62 and 63:
This limitation in no way indicates
Page 64 and 65:
press is ridiculous. Journalists co
Page 66 and 67:
But these progressive aspects <stro
Page 68 and 69:
Nevertheless, the loss of</
Page 70 and 71:
may well be true for journalists fr
Page 72 and 73:
Is there a works council at your ne
Page 74 and 75:
will go to television, this being t
Page 76 and 77:
Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 78 and 79:
Good relations with the business co
Page 80 and 81:
Further, how can a newspaper, whose
Page 82 and 83:
Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 84 and 85:
The Norwegian medi
Page 86 and 87:
Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 88 and 89:
Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 91 and 92:
4. Number of Title
Page 93 and 94:
5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 95 and 96:
Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
Page 97 and 98:
publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100:
A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102:
5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104:
Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Understandably all German journalis
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116:
5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118:
Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120:
5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122:
• Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124:
Is there a works council at your ne
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131:
Page 134 and 135:
Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137:
As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139:
Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141:
5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143:
of those mini-comp
Page 144 and 145:
for example, is very clear on this
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151:
portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153:
Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155:
5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157:
is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159:
Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161:
Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163:
Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
October 22 2003 was an historic dat
Page 168 and 169:
5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
Page 170 and 171:
y a mostly anonymous to the general
Page 172 and 173:
On a daily, practical basis there
Page 174 and 175:
Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
Page 176 and 177:
so-called “human interest” stor
Page 178 and 179:
indicated that Rodipet applies a di
Page 180 and 181:
5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
Page 182 and 183:
12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
Page 184 and 185:
Strengthening of d
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
emerging CEE countries with regard
Page 190 and 191:
- Create in all OSCE participating
Page 193 and 194:
Organization for Security and Co-op
Page 195 and 196:
1. In which country are you working
Page 197 and 198:
17. Who defines the editorial line
Page 199 and 200:
29. How would you describe the situ
Page 201 and 202:
- This common code of</stro
Page 203 and 204:
Personal and business interestsIt i
Page 205:
Orkla Media’s
Page 208:
www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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