The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,915,519,127,327,30 10 20 30 40 50<strong>The</strong> term “editorial line” includes everything that has to dowith the content <strong>of</strong> the newspaper. Even though it is the publisher’sright to define the general editorial direction <strong>of</strong> hispaper, decisions on daily content fall into the realm <strong>of</strong> theeditor-in-chief and his staff <strong>of</strong> journalists. At the end <strong>of</strong> theday, <strong>of</strong> course, editorial qualities are measured by sales numbersat the news-stands and the numbers <strong>of</strong> subscribers. Still,for the editor <strong>of</strong> a quality paper the need to generate economicrevenue will always be on a separate level from the contentdriven “editorial line”.Considering the newspapers’ dependency on advertisementrevenues it is, however, difficult to perceive how thehigh ratings for truth and objectivity can, especially in times<strong>of</strong> economic crisis, be brought in line with the 70.1 per cent<strong>of</strong> participants in this survey who consider economic revenueto be an important, to very important factor for the editorialline <strong>of</strong> their newspaper. (Fig. 6)Even worse: As the sources for newspaper revenues arelimited to sales <strong>of</strong> copies and space for advertisement, the highpercentage <strong>of</strong> journalists who considered economic revenue asbeing among the top priorities for editorial decisions, contradictsthe mere 26 per cent <strong>of</strong> those who admitted to the editorialline being influenced by income from advertisement.<strong>The</strong> impression is that growing economic difficulties <strong>of</strong> anincreasing number <strong>of</strong> newspapers force editors away from their76 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
In-depth reporting (%) Fig. 7123459,615,817,527,229,80 10 20 30 40 50genuine duty <strong>of</strong> providing quality content and into damagingcompromises with outside sources <strong>of</strong> economic revenue, suchas advertisers.Still, when it comes to the pr<strong>of</strong>essional qualities <strong>of</strong> theirwork, 74.5 per cent <strong>of</strong> the journalists maintain the value <strong>of</strong>in-depth reporting as being important for the editorial standards<strong>of</strong> their newspaper. (Fig. 7) Investigative journalism is themost expensive form <strong>of</strong> journalism, as there is no guaranteefor success. Somewhere down the road, stories that seemed topromise explosive revelations may suddenly vanish into thin air.Especially in times <strong>of</strong> scarce financial resources it takes aremarkable amount <strong>of</strong> courage for any editor to engage in investigativejournalism.59.1 per cent <strong>of</strong> the participants in this survey denied thatthe editorial line <strong>of</strong> their paper is influenced by any form <strong>of</strong>loyalty to political ideologies or parties. (Fig. 8)That leaves, on the other side, 40.9 per cent <strong>of</strong> the participantswho must, to varying degrees, follow political ideasPolitical loyality (%) Fig. 8123459,610,420,926,133,00 10 20 30 40 50GENERAL SURVEY RESULTS 77
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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Page 27 and 28: 30 million rely exclusively on info
Page 29 and 30: Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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Page 35 and 36: time, as the concept of</st
Page 37 and 38: It appears, however, that this posi
Page 39 and 40: 1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
Page 41 and 42: owns or controls not only the three
Page 43 and 44: Target countries sometimes interpre
Page 45 and 46: independence proposed by the OSCE R
Page 47 and 48: groups to grow. And there is the in
Page 49 and 50: areas of Central a
Page 51 and 52: Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
Page 53 and 54: Yet this simple notion appears to b
Page 55 and 56: newspaper firms. Using the argument
Page 57 and 58: a contribution to democratization a
Page 59: tation of this for
Page 62 and 63: This limitation in no way indicates
Page 64 and 65: press is ridiculous. Journalists co
Page 66 and 67: But these progressive aspects <stro
Page 68 and 69: Nevertheless, the loss of</
Page 70 and 71: may well be true for journalists fr
Page 72 and 73: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 74 and 75: will go to television, this being t
Page 78 and 79: Good relations with the business co
Page 80 and 81: Further, how can a newspaper, whose
Page 82 and 83: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 84 and 85: The Norwegian medi
Page 86 and 87: Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 88 and 89: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 91 and 92: 4. Number of Title
Page 93 and 94: 5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 95 and 96: Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
Page 97 and 98: publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100: A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102: 5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104: Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 105 and 106: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234515,
Page 107 and 108: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 109 and 110: Understandably all German journalis
Page 111 and 112: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113 and 114: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 125 and 126: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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Do you feel free to voice and write
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
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As regards ownership concentration,
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Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
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5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
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of those mini-comp
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for example, is very clear on this
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5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
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portfolio. In addition, as democrat
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Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
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5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
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is quite remarkable. The</s
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Lithuania is a small country with a
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Another tendency is that newspapers
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Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
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October 22 2003 was an historic dat
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5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
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y a mostly anonymous to the general
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On a daily, practical basis there
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
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so-called “human interest” stor
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indicated that Rodipet applies a di
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5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
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12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
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Strengthening of d
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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emerging CEE countries with regard
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- Create in all OSCE participating
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Organization for Security and Co-op
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1. In which country are you working
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17. Who defines the editorial line
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29. How would you describe the situ
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- This common code of</stro
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Personal and business interestsIt i
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Orkla Media’s
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www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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