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financial resources, the co-operators are able to make betteruse <strong>of</strong> editorial resources for content quality.Similar concepts apply in dealing with the advertisementindustry. A group <strong>of</strong> important papers <strong>of</strong>fers a common platformfor national and regional advertising packages. Anothergroup publishes a common weekly TV broadcasting schedulesupplement.Finnish media experts and publishers believe that concentrationand cross-ownership have largely contributed to maintaininga high level <strong>of</strong> pluralism and content diversity. “<strong>The</strong>Finnish market is too small to support a high number <strong>of</strong> smalland independent newspaper companies. Only by incorporatingsmaller media outlets into financially strong groups were weable to guarantee the ongoing existence <strong>of</strong> many titles which, inorder not to lose their readership, had to maintain not only theirtraditional character but their content individuality as well.”Whether this relaxed atmosphere can survive remains tobe seen. <strong>The</strong> benefits <strong>of</strong> the structural reforms <strong>of</strong> the 1980shave been used up. <strong>The</strong> domestic market doesn’t <strong>of</strong>fer anymore substantial growth potential for the four big companies.In addition, Swedish media groups are beginning to show anincreasing interest in the Finnish market. Consequently theFinnish media industry has crossed the borders into hithertounknown territory. For the first time in the Baltic States andother CEE countries, the Finnish media groups face the turbulences<strong>of</strong> international competition.Uncharted waters lay ahead for Finnish pr<strong>of</strong>essional journalism,which has, so far, proven to be extremely resilient tooutside pressure and attacks on its pr<strong>of</strong>essional standards andethics.118 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country ReportCapitalLondonPopulation 2003 (millions) 59.2Average annual income 2001 (US$) 25,120Source: BBC Country Pr<strong>of</strong>iles<strong>The</strong> UK government’s Communication Bill, passed on 15 July2003 abolishes a number <strong>of</strong> rules on media ownership, includingthe prohibition on non-EU countries owning commercialtelevision stations.Number <strong>of</strong> daily titlesand circulation110108106104102100989694Number <strong>of</strong> DailiesCirculation19.10019.00018.90018.80018.70018.60018.50018.40092 18.300Titles 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Circulation (000)Source: World Association <strong>of</strong> Newspapers (2003) World Press Trends 2003.COUNTRY REPORTS – UNITED KINGDOM 119
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
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press is ridiculous. Journalists co
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But these progressive aspects <stro
Page 68 and 69: Nevertheless, the loss of</
Page 70 and 71: may well be true for journalists fr
Page 72 and 73: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 74 and 75: will go to television, this being t
Page 76 and 77: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 78 and 79: Good relations with the business co
Page 80 and 81: Further, how can a newspaper, whose
Page 82 and 83: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 84 and 85: The Norwegian medi
Page 86 and 87: Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 88 and 89: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 91 and 92: 4. Number of Title
Page 93 and 94: 5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 95 and 96: Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
Page 97 and 98: publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100: A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102: 5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104: Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 109 and 110: Understandably all German journalis
Page 111 and 112: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113 and 114: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143: of those mini-comp
Page 144 and 145: for example, is very clear on this
Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 166 and 167: October 22 2003 was an historic dat
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5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
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y a mostly anonymous to the general
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On a daily, practical basis there
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
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so-called “human interest” stor
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indicated that Rodipet applies a di
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5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
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12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
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Strengthening of d
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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emerging CEE countries with regard
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- Create in all OSCE participating
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Organization for Security and Co-op
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1. In which country are you working
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17. Who defines the editorial line
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29. How would you describe the situ
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- This common code of</stro
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Personal and business interestsIt i
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Orkla Media’s
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www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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