The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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Prefaceby Freimut DuveThis study takes an in-depth look at the print media landscapein eight exemplary countries (Germany, Finland, United Kingdom,Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Poland and Romania). <strong>The</strong>secountries were chosen at random, they serve neither necessarilyas a very good or very bad example for the situation <strong>of</strong> a freepress, but identify to a certain extent problems throughout theentire OSCE region.<strong>Media</strong> concentration and foreign media ownership mightturn out to be a structural obstacle to free and pluralistic media.Horizontal concentration <strong>of</strong> many titles in the hand <strong>of</strong> onecompany might turn out to limit the variety <strong>of</strong> opinions. Verticalconcentration <strong>of</strong> media outlets, printing houses and distributionchannels might hinder competitors from accessing themarket. Cross-ownership <strong>of</strong> non-media related companies inmedia houses might hamper the watchdog function <strong>of</strong> thepress towards the private sector.<strong>The</strong> constitutional value <strong>of</strong> journalistic media goes farbeyond financial interest <strong>of</strong> individuals or companies, and thedanger is that media houses regard newspapers as just anothermarket product. Journalistic media is unlike any other business.However, free and independent media need a soundfinancial basis. In order to allow them to play their role as anactive watchdog, tax allowances or similar means <strong>of</strong> assistanceshould be implemented.Especially the situation in the emerging and sometimesrather small markets in Eastern and South Eastern Europe,where the financial situation <strong>of</strong> newspapers and the revenue <strong>of</strong>FREIMUT DUVE9
Page 3 and 4: REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
Page 5 and 6: ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
Page 7: 6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
Page 11 and 12: Introductionby Johannes von Dohnany
Page 13: and patterns of th
Page 16 and 17: ut also for positive developments.
Page 18 and 19: of Homeland Securi
Page 20 and 21: without distinction as to race, sex
Page 22 and 23: This legal void was filled for the
Page 24 and 25: of the press boils
Page 26 and 27: Daily newspapers have been hardest
Page 28 and 29: Because of their i
Page 30 and 31: in democratic societies have introd
Page 32 and 33: Uncontrolled concentration processe
Page 34 and 35: licences were allocated only to Sta
Page 36 and 37: During the last decade of</
Page 38 and 39: would become illegal. Hence the gro
Page 40 and 41: conservative. “Many artists, cons
Page 42 and 43: Mr. Franco Abruzzo, envisages the e
Page 44 and 45: As many of the med
Page 46 and 47: an unhealthy dominant position <str
Page 48 and 49: The continental Eu
Page 50 and 51: whole becomes de-politicized.” 49
Page 52 and 53: societies of Centr
Page 54 and 55: One of the worryin
Page 56 and 57: media) been unsuccessfully explored
Page 58 and 59:
Since the end of c
Page 61 and 62:
2. The SurveyAs me
Page 63 and 64:
about the sender was automatically
Page 65 and 66:
The issues that ne
Page 67 and 68:
mainly established news agencies an
Page 69 and 70:
een going from bad to worse. Workin
Page 71 and 72:
3. General Survey ResultsDialogue i
Page 73 and 74:
writing staff about both the editor
Page 75 and 76:
When it comes to the rating <strong
Page 77 and 78:
In-depth reporting (%) Fig. 7123459
Page 79 and 80:
Credibility and readership (%) Fig.
Page 81 and 82:
Cross-media ownership can be regula
Page 83 and 84:
Strengthening of d
Page 85 and 86:
Would you prefer having guidelines
Page 87 and 88:
eduction is on the table, the first
Page 89:
Do you think ownership and manageme
Page 92 and 93:
Average circulation/adult populatio
Page 94 and 95:
The data provided
Page 96 and 97:
in Hungary, but its main focus is m
Page 98 and 99:
specifically the Freedom of
Page 100 and 101:
Several newspapers of</stro
Page 102 and 103:
How influential is this works counc
Page 104 and 105:
On the questionHow important are th
Page 106 and 107:
Political loyality (%) Fig. 8123455
Page 108 and 109:
The Norwegian medi
Page 110 and 111:
How would you describe the situatio
Page 112 and 113:
5.2 Finland5.2.1 Country ReportCapi
Page 114 and 115:
cable company. In addition, a verti
Page 116 and 117:
survey could remember a single case
Page 118 and 119:
financial resources, the co-operato
Page 120 and 121:
Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 31.1M
Page 122 and 123:
5.3.2 Survey ResultsThe</st
Page 124 and 125:
At the same time, many of</
Page 126 and 127:
Good relations with the business co
Page 128 and 129:
The Norwegian medi
Page 130 and 131:
How would you describe the situatio
Page 133 and 134:
5.4 Hungary5.4.1 Country ReportCapi
Page 135 and 136:
While the broadcasting market was l
Page 137 and 138:
nationwide radio stations Hit Radio
Page 139 and 140:
Journalists’ FreedomAccording to
Page 141 and 142:
oughly US$ 7.600 and is about five
Page 143 and 144:
steadfastly refuse to enter in anyt
Page 145 and 146:
5.5 Italy5.5.1 Country ReportCapita
Page 147 and 148:
local newspapers include Gazetta di
Page 149 and 150:
• The Italian so
Page 151 and 152:
unification not so much to books, m
Page 153 and 154:
the parliament that “pluralism an
Page 155 and 156:
Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 50.5M
Page 157 and 158:
5.6.2 Survey ResultsIt is remarkabl
Page 159 and 160:
of advertisement m
Page 161 and 162:
Looking at modern mass media that <
Page 163 and 164:
5.7 Poland5.7.1 Country ReportCapit
Page 165 and 166:
PNP owns 100 per cent of</s
Page 167 and 168:
have been interested in eliminating
Page 169 and 170:
No wonder Polish journalists are be
Page 171 and 172:
may spot a name in an opinion weekl
Page 173 and 174:
5.8 Romania5.8.1 Country ReportCapi
Page 175 and 176:
Dan Voiculescu who is reported to b
Page 177 and 178:
the allocation of
Page 179 and 180:
These are the ques
Page 181 and 182:
Does advertisement influence the ed
Page 183 and 184:
Although most journalists in the sa
Page 185 and 186:
Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 187 and 188:
6. Conclusions• Globalisation has
Page 189 and 190:
them to be protected against undue
Page 191:
AnnexQuestionnairePrinciples for Gu
Page 194 and 195:
We would, therefore, like to ask yo
Page 196 and 197:
9. Does the newspaper have some kin
Page 198 and 199:
22. Which qualities of</str
Page 200 and 201:
Principles for Guaranteeing Editori
Page 202 and 203:
Guidelines to Safeguard the Indepen
Page 204 and 205:
y the editorial department. Any exc
Page 207 and 208:
ResearchersJohannes von Dohnanyi -
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