The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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October 22 2003 was an historic date for the Polish print mediawith the German Springer group launching the tabloid Fakt as thePolish equivalent to the most successful German Bildzeitung. Outwent, according to one Springer representative, the dull and boringessayistic style <strong>of</strong> journalism remembering past days <strong>of</strong> communistone-party dictatorship, in came fast, hard hitting, sensationaland entertainment style journalism.It was the latest in a long series <strong>of</strong> attempts by Westernand Northern European media giants to gain control at leastover an important sector <strong>of</strong> the most interesting print mediamarket in Central and Eastern Europe.RywingateOn 27 December 2002 Adam Michnik, editor-in-chief <strong>of</strong> thedaily newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza, published a secretly tapedconversation with film producer Lew Rywin from July 2002. Inthis conversation Rywin claimed to have support from “a group<strong>of</strong> people in power” and <strong>of</strong>fered to lobby the government for afavourable media law that would allow Agora S.A., the publisher<strong>of</strong> Gazeta Wyborcza, to buy the private Polsat television.Rywin thereby tried to solicit a bribe <strong>of</strong> US$ 17.5 million andsaid he was speaking on behalf <strong>of</strong> Prime Minister Leszek Miller,Michnik reported.A parliamentary commission was established to examinethis matter. In February 2003 the first person interrogated bythat commission was Michnik, who said he believed Miller tobe uninvolved and innocent. What is more, Michnik suggestedduring his interrogation that Polish Television chief RobertKwiatkowski and member <strong>of</strong> the National Radio and TelevisionCouncil, Wlodzimierz Czarzasty (who were mentioned byRywin as the people behind his bribe <strong>of</strong>fer) had plans to privatizethe second channel <strong>of</strong> the public Polish Television and might166 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
have been interested in eliminating Agora as a potential buyerthrough embroiling it in a bribery scandal. On 10 February 2003the parliamentary commission called for the suspension <strong>of</strong>Kwiatkowski and asked the prosecution for the right to lookinto Kwiatkowski’s phone bills. However, the Polish TelevisionSupervisory Board, which has the authority to suspend or sackKwiatkowski, voted on 14 February to leave him in his post.Kwiatkowski himself stated that he could prove his innocence.COUNTRY REPORTS – POLAND 167
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
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press is ridiculous. Journalists co
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But these progressive aspects <stro
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Nevertheless, the loss of</
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may well be true for journalists fr
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Is there a works council at your ne
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will go to television, this being t
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
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Good relations with the business co
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Further, how can a newspaper, whose
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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The Norwegian medi
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Have you ever been put under pressu
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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4. Number of Title
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5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
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Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
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publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
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A three directional strategy is wha
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5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
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Cross-ownership has also increased
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234515,
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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Understandably all German journalis
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 125 and 126: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 127 and 128: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143: of those mini-comp
Page 144 and 145: for example, is very clear on this
Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 168 and 169: 5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
Page 170 and 171: y a mostly anonymous to the general
Page 172 and 173: On a daily, practical basis there
Page 174 and 175: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
Page 176 and 177: so-called “human interest” stor
Page 178 and 179: indicated that Rodipet applies a di
Page 180 and 181: 5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
Page 182 and 183: 12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
Page 184 and 185: Strengthening of d
Page 186 and 187: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 188 and 189: emerging CEE countries with regard
Page 190 and 191: - Create in all OSCE participating
Page 193 and 194: Organization for Security and Co-op
Page 195 and 196: 1. In which country are you working
Page 197 and 198: 17. Who defines the editorial line
Page 199 and 200: 29. How would you describe the situ
Page 201 and 202: - This common code of</stro
Page 203 and 204: Personal and business interestsIt i
Page 205: Orkla Media’s
Page 208: www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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