The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Source: World Association <strong>of</strong> Newspapers (2003) World Press Trends 2003.<strong>The</strong>re are over 20 daily newspapers published in Bucharest, most<strong>of</strong> them calling themselves national newspapers. However, onlythree or four can claim print runs and circulation over the100,000 threshold. In the last several years local newspapershave increased their quality and readership. <strong>The</strong>ir daily local orregional circulation varies between 2-3,000 and 30-40,000copies. Romania has 40 counties with approximately 200 localtitles <strong>of</strong> which 150 are daily and 50 weekly newspapers.<strong>The</strong> market <strong>of</strong> national daily newspapers in Romania isnow dominated by four companies, two Romanian and tw<strong>of</strong>oreign:<strong>The</strong> number one national daily newspaper Libertatae(167,000) is owned by the Swiss media company Ringier.Ringier also publishes the financial weekly Capital and a number<strong>of</strong> women’s and consumer magazines and TV guides. <strong>The</strong>second best selling national daily Evenimentul Zilei (110,000)was held by the German publishing house Gruner + Jahr, but itwas sold to Ringier in October 2003. 105 , decreasing the number<strong>of</strong> owners <strong>of</strong> national dailies from five to four.<strong>The</strong> German WAZ holds only a 51 per cent interest in thedaily Trustul des Presa National and a 50 per cent stake in RomaniaLibera through a joint venture with Trustul Mehrh. 106<strong>Media</strong> Pro, a company owned by Adrian Sarbu, publishesthe largest financial daily and owns besides the TV and radiostation Pro, two printing houses, a distribution network andabout 200 other media and non-media companies.Jurnalul National (80,000) is the second national newspaperthat is owned by a Romanian media house belonging to174 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
Dan Voiculescu who is reported to be a former Securitate <strong>of</strong>ficer.He also owns the TV stations Antena 1 and the radio stationRadio Romantic.<strong>The</strong> regional papers are especially suffering under pressurefrom local politicians and business. Advertisement revenue islow and regional dailies are dependent on adverts from Stateowned companies that are reported to <strong>of</strong>ten use their financialpower to influence the editorial line <strong>of</strong> the paper. In the forefront<strong>of</strong> the 2004 elections 20 new regional dailies have alreadybeen founded.“MOONING” THE ROMANIAN MEDIAby Ioana Avadani, Director, Centre <strong>of</strong> Independent JournalismLast week <strong>of</strong> October 2003: the workers in Brasov, protestingagainst the government, throw apples, milk bags and“moon” the journalists there to cover the rally. It’s the firsttime ever in the post-1989 history <strong>of</strong> the Romanian mediathat this has happened and it has a deeper meaning than asimple case <strong>of</strong> disrespect.Ever since the toppling <strong>of</strong> communism, the media hasenjoyed a high credibility and the glamour <strong>of</strong> the WhiteKnight. <strong>The</strong>y were perceived as the piercing eye, the loudvoice, the scale <strong>of</strong> Justice and the last comfort <strong>of</strong> the afflicted.Year after year, media ranked high in the hierarchy <strong>of</strong> trustedinstitutions: coming third, right after the Church and theArmy. <strong>The</strong> newscasters have been the indisputable leaders <strong>of</strong>the TV audience.But something happened on the way to heaven. Less andless criticism appeared in the news, less and less investigativereporting, less and less opposition figures speaking theirminds in the media. <strong>The</strong> hard news was replaced by the105 Der Spiegel “Zeitungsgeschäft in Osteuropa an Ringier verkauft” (24 October 2003)106 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on the Landscape.A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 21.COUNTRY REPORTS – ROMANIA 175
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
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press is ridiculous. Journalists co
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But these progressive aspects <stro
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Nevertheless, the loss of</
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may well be true for journalists fr
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Is there a works council at your ne
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will go to television, this being t
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
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Good relations with the business co
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Further, how can a newspaper, whose
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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The Norwegian medi
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Have you ever been put under pressu
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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4. Number of Title
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5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
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Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
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publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
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A three directional strategy is wha
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5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
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Cross-ownership has also increased
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234515,
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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Understandably all German journalis
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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As also seen in Germany, the data p
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5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
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Newspaper chains were the logical r
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5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
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• Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 125 and 126: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 127 and 128: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143: of those mini-comp
Page 144 and 145: for example, is very clear on this
Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 166 and 167: October 22 2003 was an historic dat
Page 168 and 169: 5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
Page 170 and 171: y a mostly anonymous to the general
Page 172 and 173: On a daily, practical basis there
Page 176 and 177: so-called “human interest” stor
Page 178 and 179: indicated that Rodipet applies a di
Page 180 and 181: 5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
Page 182 and 183: 12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
Page 184 and 185: Strengthening of d
Page 186 and 187: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 188 and 189: emerging CEE countries with regard
Page 190 and 191: - Create in all OSCE participating
Page 193 and 194: Organization for Security and Co-op
Page 195 and 196: 1. In which country are you working
Page 197 and 198: 17. Who defines the editorial line
Page 199 and 200: 29. How would you describe the situ
Page 201 and 202: - This common code of</stro
Page 203 and 204: Personal and business interestsIt i
Page 205: Orkla Media’s
Page 208: www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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