The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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<strong>The</strong> Norwegian media house ORKLA issued “Publishing Principles”that guarantee for the editorial independence <strong>of</strong> theirnewspapers. Is there a similar kind <strong>of</strong> guideline in your company?Fig. 13Yes 67No 330 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100proper guidelines but has adhered to a set <strong>of</strong> principles oneditorial independence outlined by the OSCE Representativeon Freedom <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Media</strong>.All in all, 33 per cent <strong>of</strong> the journalists contacted for thissurvey are working under a corporate protection scheme likeor similar to the Orkla-Principles. (Fig. 13)<strong>The</strong> fact that 89 per cent <strong>of</strong> the returned answers indicatethe desire to see such principles established in their ownworking environment is, however, indicative <strong>of</strong> the level <strong>of</strong>today’s pr<strong>of</strong>essional insecurity in which journalists have towork. (Fig. 14)<strong>The</strong> comments on this specific topic made by many journalistscontacted directly for this survey suggest that lack <strong>of</strong>information on how to deal with a structurally changing pr<strong>of</strong>essionalenvironment is one <strong>of</strong> the main reasons for increasingfrictions between management and the editorial staff. Thisin turn results in growing concerns over job security and growingpreparedness to compromise on journalistic standards andpr<strong>of</strong>essional ethics.Working under a set <strong>of</strong> rules, which do not curtail the publisher’sentrepreneurial rights and which at the same time <strong>of</strong>ferthe journalists better protection against unjust pressures would,therefore, be helpful in maintaining high quality standards evenduring periods <strong>of</strong> structural changes <strong>of</strong> the newspaper’s economicenvironment.84 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
Would you prefer having guidelines such as these? Fig. 14Yes 89No 110 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100That some kind <strong>of</strong> protection <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional journalists isneeded urgently, is demonstrated by the fact that no less than40 per cent <strong>of</strong> the participants <strong>of</strong> this survey do not feel freeto express a personal opinion which differs from the <strong>of</strong>ficialeditorial line <strong>of</strong> their paper. (Fig.15)While his ownership title leaves the right to decide on thegeneral editorial line exclusively with the publisher, the principle<strong>of</strong> company internal pluralism <strong>of</strong> opinion has to be safeguardedas well. <strong>The</strong> publisher, and on his behalf the editor-inchief,may decide not to publish an article or an opinion <strong>of</strong> oneparticular journalist. Voicing or writing factually true and verifiable,but differing opinions, however, can not be tolerated asbeing detrimental to the pr<strong>of</strong>essional position <strong>of</strong> the journalist.True journalism has always to do with questioning <strong>of</strong>ficiallines and mainstream opinions. It needs a certain amount<strong>of</strong> courage to do so. Limiting journalists in exercising this part<strong>of</strong> their pr<strong>of</strong>essional duties is one important step towards theend <strong>of</strong> a free media.Do you feel free to voice and write your personal opinion, evenif it differs from the <strong>of</strong>ficial line <strong>of</strong> the paper? Fig. 15Yes 60No 400 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100<strong>The</strong> feeling <strong>of</strong> not being free to express one’s personal opinionincreases once it becomes editorial policy to pressure journalistsinto not researching and/or writing on certain subjects orevents. In one way or another, this is the case for one-quarter<strong>of</strong> the participants in this survey. (Fig. 16)GENERAL SURVEY RESULTS 85
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
Page 33 and 34: indication of the
Page 35 and 36: time, as the concept of</st
Page 37 and 38: It appears, however, that this posi
Page 39 and 40: 1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
Page 41 and 42: owns or controls not only the three
Page 43 and 44: Target countries sometimes interpre
Page 45 and 46: independence proposed by the OSCE R
Page 47 and 48: groups to grow. And there is the in
Page 49 and 50: areas of Central a
Page 51 and 52: Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
Page 53 and 54: Yet this simple notion appears to b
Page 55 and 56: newspaper firms. Using the argument
Page 57 and 58: a contribution to democratization a
Page 59: tation of this for
Page 62 and 63: This limitation in no way indicates
Page 64 and 65: press is ridiculous. Journalists co
Page 66 and 67: But these progressive aspects <stro
Page 68 and 69: Nevertheless, the loss of</
Page 70 and 71: may well be true for journalists fr
Page 72 and 73: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 74 and 75: will go to television, this being t
Page 76 and 77: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 78 and 79: Good relations with the business co
Page 80 and 81: Further, how can a newspaper, whose
Page 82 and 83: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 86 and 87: Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 88 and 89: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 91 and 92: 4. Number of Title
Page 93 and 94: 5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 95 and 96: Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
Page 97 and 98: publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100: A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102: 5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104: Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 109 and 110: Understandably all German journalis
Page 111 and 112: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113 and 114: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
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As regards ownership concentration,
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Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
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5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
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of those mini-comp
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for example, is very clear on this
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5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
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portfolio. In addition, as democrat
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Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
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5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
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is quite remarkable. The</s
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Lithuania is a small country with a
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Another tendency is that newspapers
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Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
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October 22 2003 was an historic dat
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5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
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y a mostly anonymous to the general
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On a daily, practical basis there
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
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so-called “human interest” stor
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indicated that Rodipet applies a di
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5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
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12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
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Strengthening of d
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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emerging CEE countries with regard
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- Create in all OSCE participating
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Organization for Security and Co-op
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1. In which country are you working
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17. Who defines the editorial line
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29. How would you describe the situ
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- This common code of</stro
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Personal and business interestsIt i
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Orkla Media’s
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www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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