The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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Guidelines to Safeguard the Independence<strong>of</strong> Journalism at Axel SpringerPreamble<strong>The</strong> editors <strong>of</strong> Axel Springer AG are aware <strong>of</strong> their responsibilityfor providing information and shaping public opinion in Germany.Independence is essential as a basis for their work. <strong>The</strong>guidelines are a concrete expression <strong>of</strong> Axel Springer’s understanding<strong>of</strong> the journalistic principles set forth in the Press Code<strong>of</strong> the German Press Council. Adherence to these guidelines byall editors in their journalistic work safeguards the overall conditionsthat enable independent, critical journalism at AxelSpringer. <strong>The</strong> chief editors are responsible for adherence to theguidelines and their implementation in day-to-day work.AdvertisingPoint 7 <strong>of</strong> the Press Code requires publishers and editors tomake a clear distinction between editorial text and advertisingcopy and points out the need to adhere to the regulations forpaid advertising.<strong>The</strong> journalists at Axel Springer… shall ensure, together with the management <strong>of</strong> the publishinghouse, that a distinction is made between advertisingand editorial material. Advertisements must not create theimpression, through their overall design or major components,that they are part <strong>of</strong> the editorial material <strong>of</strong> the title. Specialattention must be given to using different typography. If thereis any doubt, the advertisement must be marked as suchclearly and in sufficiently large type.… shall resist attempts by advertisers or interested partiesto influence content, and enter no agreements that might jeopardizetheir independence as journalists.Merchandising campaigns and media partnerships must beidentified as such where necessary.202 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
Personal and business interestsIt is part <strong>of</strong> the responsibility <strong>of</strong> the press towards the publicthat journalistic publications should not be influenced by thepersonal or business interests <strong>of</strong> third parties or the personalfinancial interests <strong>of</strong> the editors themselves.This is the subject <strong>of</strong> Points 6 and 7 <strong>of</strong> the Press Code.<strong>The</strong> journalists at Axel Springer…shall not report on persons with whom they have aclose relationship, especially family members, in the form <strong>of</strong>copy or photographs unless there is an objective reason fordoing so that has been approved by the writer’s superior.… shall not use their reporting to obtain benefits for themselvesor others.…shall consult their superior if membership <strong>of</strong> or theholding <strong>of</strong> an <strong>of</strong>fice or a seat in a society, political party, associationor other institution, investment in a company, permittedside-line employment or a relationship with persons orinstitutions might create the impression that the neutrality <strong>of</strong>their reporting on such societies, political parties, associations,persons or other institutions is thereby impaired.…shall take special care to meet the legal and pr<strong>of</strong>essionalobligations <strong>of</strong> the press with regard to inside information as setforth in the German Press Council’s publication “Journalisticethics concerning inside and other information with a potentialeffect on security prices”.Invitations and giftsPoint 15 <strong>of</strong> the Press Code is concerned with personal benefitas a danger to independent journalism. Even the appearancethat journalists’ freedom <strong>of</strong> decision might be impaired by theacceptance <strong>of</strong> invitations or gifts should be avoided.<strong>The</strong> journalists at Axel Springer...shall ensure that all costs (travelling expenses, entertainmentetc.) incurred in the course <strong>of</strong> their research are paidSPRINGER PRINCIPLES 203
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
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press is ridiculous. Journalists co
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But these progressive aspects <stro
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Nevertheless, the loss of</
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may well be true for journalists fr
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Is there a works council at your ne
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will go to television, this being t
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
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Good relations with the business co
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Further, how can a newspaper, whose
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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The Norwegian medi
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Have you ever been put under pressu
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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4. Number of Title
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5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
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Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
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publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
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A three directional strategy is wha
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5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
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Cross-ownership has also increased
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Understandably all German journalis
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As also seen in Germany, the data p
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5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
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Newspaper chains were the logical r
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5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
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• Daily Mail and General Trust: D
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Is there a works council at your ne
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Do you feel free to voice and write
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
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As regards ownership concentration,
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Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
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5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
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of those mini-comp
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for example, is very clear on this
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 40.1M
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5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
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portfolio. In addition, as democrat
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Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 164 and 165: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 31.7M
Page 166 and 167: October 22 2003 was an historic dat
Page 168 and 169: 5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
Page 170 and 171: y a mostly anonymous to the general
Page 172 and 173: On a daily, practical basis there
Page 174 and 175: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
Page 176 and 177: so-called “human interest” stor
Page 178 and 179: indicated that Rodipet applies a di
Page 180 and 181: 5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
Page 182 and 183: 12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
Page 184 and 185: Strengthening of d
Page 186 and 187: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 188 and 189: emerging CEE countries with regard
Page 190 and 191: - Create in all OSCE participating
Page 193 and 194: Organization for Security and Co-op
Page 195 and 196: 1. In which country are you working
Page 197 and 198: 17. Who defines the editorial line
Page 199 and 200: 29. How would you describe the situ
Page 201: - This common code of</stro
Page 205: Orkla Media’s
Page 208: www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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