The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <strong>of</strong> communism no other CEE market has attractedso much attention from foreign media concerns as the Polishmarket has done. But differently to most other countries foreigncompanies have not limited their interest to national qualitypapers. <strong>The</strong> sector <strong>of</strong> regional and lately, even local daily newspapershas been targeted as well.<strong>The</strong> reaction <strong>of</strong> Polish publishers to this cross-border threathas been to focus on securing their place in the market and todevelop strategies for future domestic co-operations. Thisprocess has led to increased concentration <strong>of</strong> media ownershipon all levels <strong>of</strong> the market.When Polish media groups started to buy into the marketsegment <strong>of</strong> regional papers, foreign investors like the Bavariangroup Passauer Neue Presse, focused its interest in the localdaily newspaper sector, accelerating the process <strong>of</strong> media concentrationeven further.Pr<strong>of</strong>essional journalism has felt the brunt <strong>of</strong> this domesticallyand cross-border driven concentration process. Nevertheless,quite a number <strong>of</strong> the polled journalists think themselvesto be considered rather as an asset by their publishers and editors-in-chief,not least <strong>of</strong> all out <strong>of</strong> marketing reasons: “Definitelyan asset – the promotional path is that the paper is basedupon well known publicists”.However, to stay within the narrowly defined borders <strong>of</strong>the editorial budget, publishers have started to use young andcheap “amateurs” as journalists rather then experienced pr<strong>of</strong>essionals.Most <strong>of</strong> these newcomers have never had any pr<strong>of</strong>essionaltraining at all. <strong>The</strong> result has been that after the recentyears <strong>of</strong> dramatic growth <strong>of</strong> the Polish print media market thetraditionally high quality <strong>of</strong> journalism is in steep decline.168 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
No wonder Polish journalists are beginning to take a more criticalposition towards the growing influence <strong>of</strong> foreign ownershipover the national daily newspaper market. <strong>The</strong> introduction <strong>of</strong>internal statutes like the ORKLA principles or the Springer principleson guarantees for editorial independence is welcomed. Atthe same time Polish journalists experience the position <strong>of</strong> mostforeign owners, who consider their presence on the nationalmarket just as an economic and totally non-political investment,as not enough to safeguard their essential liberties on editorialdecisions and contents. <strong>The</strong> rising fear has been monitoredamong Polish journalists <strong>of</strong> ending up between the pr<strong>of</strong>it ambitions<strong>of</strong> their foreign owners and the direct or indirect politicaland/or industrial pressure from domestic sources. Many Polishjournalists fear that their early impression <strong>of</strong> vital support for afree and independent national print media by foreign investorscould in the long run turn out to be erroneous.<strong>The</strong> Situation <strong>of</strong> Journalists in Polandby Monica Wojcicka, Copyrights Manager, PolitykaIn 1989 my adventure with journalism and media began. Ithas turned out to be a lifelong one, at least up until now.Those days, everybody was so excited by the mere thoughtthat we were able to work for a free paper that we werenot concerned with any limitations <strong>of</strong> this freedom that wemight experience in the future. And little did we know!After 14 years <strong>of</strong> untamed progress <strong>of</strong> the media businessin Poland, the freedom <strong>of</strong> speech is just being takenfor granted. If one looks closer at the media people, however,you can see that they face at least two major dilemmasin their everyday journalistic practice.First, the question <strong>of</strong> loyalty. Fourteen years ago, journalistsfrom the state run papers were closely identified with thepaper they worked for. <strong>The</strong> new media were being createdCOUNTRY REPORTS – POLAND 169
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
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press is ridiculous. Journalists co
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But these progressive aspects <stro
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Nevertheless, the loss of</
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may well be true for journalists fr
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Is there a works council at your ne
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will go to television, this being t
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
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Good relations with the business co
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Further, how can a newspaper, whose
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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The Norwegian medi
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Have you ever been put under pressu
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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4. Number of Title
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5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
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Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
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publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
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A three directional strategy is wha
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5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
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Cross-ownership has also increased
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234515,
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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Understandably all German journalis
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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As also seen in Germany, the data p
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5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 125 and 126: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 127 and 128: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143: of those mini-comp
Page 144 and 145: for example, is very clear on this
Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 166 and 167: October 22 2003 was an historic dat
Page 170 and 171: y a mostly anonymous to the general
Page 172 and 173: On a daily, practical basis there
Page 174 and 175: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
Page 176 and 177: so-called “human interest” stor
Page 178 and 179: indicated that Rodipet applies a di
Page 180 and 181: 5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
Page 182 and 183: 12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
Page 184 and 185: Strengthening of d
Page 186 and 187: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 188 and 189: emerging CEE countries with regard
Page 190 and 191: - Create in all OSCE participating
Page 193 and 194: Organization for Security and Co-op
Page 195 and 196: 1. In which country are you working
Page 197 and 198: 17. Who defines the editorial line
Page 199 and 200: 29. How would you describe the situ
Page 201 and 202: - This common code of</stro
Page 203 and 204: Personal and business interestsIt i
Page 205: Orkla Media’s
Page 208: www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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