The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 31.7Men 33.5Women 27.0MHS (Main Household Shopper) 16.8Source: World Association <strong>of</strong> Newspapers (2003) World Press Trends 2003.About 40 per cent <strong>of</strong> foreign investment in the Polish media goesto the press. <strong>The</strong> magazine market is dominated by German publishinghouses like Axel Springer, Bauer and Gruner + Jahr thattogether hold almost 50 per cent <strong>of</strong> the colour magazine market.<strong>The</strong> daily newspaper sector is mostly divided between Orkla andPassauer Neue Presse (PNP). 98<strong>The</strong> Norwegian conglomerate ORKLA SA embraces heavyindustry, banking, chemicals, food products, brewing, investment,and chemicals. Orkla <strong>Media</strong> covers newspapers, magazines,new media, printing and distribution. It is the fifth largestmedia group in Northern Europe and the second largest newspapergroup in Poland. Orkla also owns the Lithuanian dailyKauno diena (40,000). Orkla holds a 51 per cent stake <strong>of</strong> the Warsaw-basedPresspublica which publishes the best-selling broadsheetnational newspaper Rzeczpospolita (200,000). Orkla PressPolska owns full or a majority stakes in fourteen regional newspapers,including Gazeta Pomorska (105,000), Gazeta Lubuska(56,000), and Nowa Trybuna Opolska (105,000), the major daily<strong>of</strong> the Opole region. 99PNP moved into Poland in 1994 when it acquired someregional dailies from the French Hersant group and foundedPolskapresse. In 1996 the German group purchased 95 per cent<strong>of</strong> the shares in the Fibak Investment Group, publisher <strong>of</strong> twodailies. By now PNP owns 12 regional newspapers with sales<strong>of</strong> 1.3 million, printing plants and distribution services.164 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
PNP owns 100 per cent <strong>of</strong> Dziennik Zachodni (95,000), Expressilustrowany (75,000), Dziennik polski (75,000), Dziennik Baltycki(70,000), Trybuna Slaska (65,000), Gazeta poznanska (50,000),Gazeta Krakowska (40,000), Gazeta Olsztysaka (35,000), andGazeta Wroclawska (30,000). 100<strong>The</strong> Swedish company Bonnier is in a joint venture withMarieberg publishing the daily Superexpress and Puls Biznesu(20,700). 101<strong>The</strong> European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists sees a decline <strong>of</strong>quality and impartiality in Polish media due to the rapid growthin the last years. In order to cut down the costs, publishers <strong>of</strong>tenprefer to employ paid “amateurs” than experienced pr<strong>of</strong>essionals.But lower standards go together with a widespread demandfor sensational, entertainment-style journalism. EFJ reports thata big threat for independent journalism can be seen , althoughsome observers think that foreign investors stabilize the Polishpress and allow it to remain independent because the Westernmedia companies are only interested in pr<strong>of</strong>it and revenue.<strong>The</strong>ir owners are believed to rarely intervene in editorial contentand political issues. 102EFJ further reports that Poles regard the Orkla-owned newspaperRzeczpospolita as very reliable, with high-quality informationand analysis. In some cities, Orkla has invested in two dailiesand has preserved the differences between them. PNP, on theother hand, aimed to unify the content and form <strong>of</strong> the titles itholds. 10398 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, Eastern Empires. Foreign Ownership in Central andEastern European <strong>Media</strong>: Ownership, Policy Issues and Strategies (EFJ, Brussels, 2003) 41.99 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 33.100 Ibid. 43.101 Ibid. 46.102 Ibid. 48.103 Ibid. 48.COUNTRY REPORTS – POLAND 165
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
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press is ridiculous. Journalists co
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But these progressive aspects <stro
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Nevertheless, the loss of</
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may well be true for journalists fr
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Is there a works council at your ne
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will go to television, this being t
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
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Good relations with the business co
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Further, how can a newspaper, whose
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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The Norwegian medi
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Have you ever been put under pressu
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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4. Number of Title
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5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
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Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
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publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
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A three directional strategy is wha
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5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
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Cross-ownership has also increased
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234515,
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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Understandably all German journalis
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113 and 114: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 125 and 126: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 127 and 128: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143: of those mini-comp
Page 144 and 145: for example, is very clear on this
Page 146 and 147: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 40.1M
Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 166 and 167: October 22 2003 was an historic dat
Page 168 and 169: 5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
Page 170 and 171: y a mostly anonymous to the general
Page 172 and 173: On a daily, practical basis there
Page 174 and 175: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
Page 176 and 177: so-called “human interest” stor
Page 178 and 179: indicated that Rodipet applies a di
Page 180 and 181: 5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
Page 182 and 183: 12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
Page 184 and 185: Strengthening of d
Page 186 and 187: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 188 and 189: emerging CEE countries with regard
Page 190 and 191: - Create in all OSCE participating
Page 193 and 194: Organization for Security and Co-op
Page 195 and 196: 1. In which country are you working
Page 197 and 198: 17. Who defines the editorial line
Page 199 and 200: 29. How would you describe the situ
Page 201 and 202: - This common code of</stro
Page 203 and 204: Personal and business interestsIt i
Page 205: Orkla Media’s
Page 208: www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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