The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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may well be true for journalists from other media as well. <strong>The</strong>study gives a first impression <strong>of</strong> the changing situation <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essionaljournalism and outlines the field <strong>of</strong> still necessaryresearch.<strong>The</strong> researchers <strong>of</strong> this study want to explicitly thank theEuropean Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists (EFJ). <strong>The</strong>ir studies “European<strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on the Landscape. A Survey<strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe” (2002) and “Eastern Empires.Foreign <strong>Media</strong> Ownership in Central and Eastern European<strong>Media</strong>: Ownership, Policy Issues and Strategies” (2003) havebeen a valuable source <strong>of</strong> information for this publication.70 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
3. General Survey ResultsDialogue is the most efficient way to either prevent or to solveopen conflict. For dialogue to succeed knowledgeable representatives,who are accepted by all sides, are needed. In theindustrial world dialogue between the workforce <strong>of</strong> one givencategory and their employers is conducted by industrial unionson one side and industrialist associations on the other side. Onthe lower level <strong>of</strong> individual companies it has been long standingpractise for workers to elect a works council, which is toact as their representative organ in any dispute with the company’sowner(s) and/or management.<strong>The</strong> reason for the existence <strong>of</strong> such institutions is toincrease the weak bargaining position <strong>of</strong> the individual workerthrough the support <strong>of</strong> the collective workforce.<strong>The</strong> rights <strong>of</strong> such works councils to participate in strategicdecisions concerning the future <strong>of</strong> the company vary widelyfrom country to country. Probably the most extensive interpretation<strong>of</strong> functions and rights <strong>of</strong> the works council is to befound in the German “Betriebsrat” model. In many other systems,however, the function <strong>of</strong> the works council is limited tothe right <strong>of</strong> the workforce to be represented without the rightto partake in the decision making process.However influential the institution <strong>of</strong> such works councilsis defined, it does not seem to be very much in favour withthe daily newspaper industry. Little less than half <strong>of</strong> the journalistscontacted for this survey enjoy this basic form <strong>of</strong> organizedindustrial relationship at all. (Fig. 1)GENERAL SURVEY RESULTS 71
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
Page 19 and 20: determined Freedom of</stro
Page 21 and 22: co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
Page 23 and 24: Such independence, however, comes a
Page 25 and 26: and mirror of the
Page 27 and 28: 30 million rely exclusively on info
Page 29 and 30: Unchecked, concentration will reduc
Page 31 and 32: protected, a certain level
Page 33 and 34: indication of the
Page 35 and 36: time, as the concept of</st
Page 37 and 38: It appears, however, that this posi
Page 39 and 40: 1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
Page 41 and 42: owns or controls not only the three
Page 43 and 44: Target countries sometimes interpre
Page 45 and 46: independence proposed by the OSCE R
Page 47 and 48: groups to grow. And there is the in
Page 49 and 50: areas of Central a
Page 51 and 52: Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
Page 53 and 54: Yet this simple notion appears to b
Page 55 and 56: newspaper firms. Using the argument
Page 57 and 58: a contribution to democratization a
Page 59: tation of this for
Page 62 and 63: This limitation in no way indicates
Page 64 and 65: press is ridiculous. Journalists co
Page 66 and 67: But these progressive aspects <stro
Page 68 and 69: Nevertheless, the loss of</
Page 72 and 73: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 74 and 75: will go to television, this being t
Page 76 and 77: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 78 and 79: Good relations with the business co
Page 80 and 81: Further, how can a newspaper, whose
Page 82 and 83: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 84 and 85: The Norwegian medi
Page 86 and 87: Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 88 and 89: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 91 and 92: 4. Number of Title
Page 93 and 94: 5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 95 and 96: Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
Page 97 and 98: publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100: A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102: 5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104: Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 105 and 106: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234515,
Page 107 and 108: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 109 and 110: Understandably all German journalis
Page 111 and 112: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113 and 114: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
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• Daily Mail and General Trust: D
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Is there a works council at your ne
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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Do you feel free to voice and write
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
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As regards ownership concentration,
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Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
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5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
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of those mini-comp
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for example, is very clear on this
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5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
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portfolio. In addition, as democrat
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Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
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5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
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is quite remarkable. The</s
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Lithuania is a small country with a
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Another tendency is that newspapers
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Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
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October 22 2003 was an historic dat
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5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
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y a mostly anonymous to the general
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On a daily, practical basis there
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
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so-called “human interest” stor
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indicated that Rodipet applies a di
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5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
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12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
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Strengthening of d
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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emerging CEE countries with regard
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- Create in all OSCE participating
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Organization for Security and Co-op
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1. In which country are you working
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17. Who defines the editorial line
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29. How would you describe the situ
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- This common code of</stro
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Personal and business interestsIt i
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Orkla Media’s
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www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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