The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 40.1Men 50.9Women 30.1MHS (Main Household Shopper) 32.6Source: World Association <strong>of</strong> Newspapers (2003) World Press Trends 2003.A government survey in 1995 found that only 60 per cent <strong>of</strong>the population read a newspaper at least once a week, withmore than a third admitting to never picking up a paper at all.<strong>The</strong> combined circulation <strong>of</strong> the twelve leading dailies is lessthan 3.7 million. 92 If you conclude from this that most Italiansdepend on television and radio for news, the unbalanced control<strong>of</strong> the most important TV stations by Prime Minister SilvioBerlusconi is even more startling. Berlusconi is controlling,besides his three commercial TV stations (Canale 5, Italia 1 andRete 4), the public service broadcasting stations <strong>of</strong> RAI as well.<strong>The</strong> OSCE Representative on Freedom <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Media</strong> refers tothis ownership situation as a “constitutional challenge”.Berlusconi’s TV stations are organized under the company<strong>Media</strong>set in which Fininvest has a 48.6 per cent stake.<strong>The</strong> Berlusconi family holds a 96 per cent stake <strong>of</strong> Fininvest.Fininvest also controls the national newspapers Il Giornale(226,000) and Il Foglio.<strong>The</strong> other two large media groups in Italy are L’Espressoand RCS Editori. <strong>The</strong> Gruppo Editoriale L’Espresso is one <strong>of</strong> theleading media groups with newspaper, magazine and broadcastingactivities. L’Espresso is a weekly business title. <strong>The</strong> company’sdaily La Repubblica (567,000) is the second most popularnewspaper in Italy. Both are reported to share a critical view onBerlusconi’s media activities. Activities in fifteen regional and146 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
local newspapers include Gazetta die Mantova, Il Tireno, Il Centro,and Gazetta Reggio. 93RCS Editori is the holding group for one <strong>of</strong> the biggestmedia concerns in Europe, the RCS Rizzoli Corriere della SeraGroup. <strong>The</strong> group is aligned with the Agnelli family, whoseholding company, Giovanni Agnelli & C has extensive interestsin the FIAT industrial conglomerate and insurance, property,sugar, chemicals, retail and other businesses. 94 <strong>The</strong> group ispublishing the leading Italian daily Corriere della Sera (614,000),La Stampa (360,000) and the daily sports paper Gazzetta delloSport (374,000). It has a 53 per cent stake in Unidad Editorial,publisher <strong>of</strong> El Mundo, Spain’s second largest newspaper, and isalso publishing magazines and books and has interests in advertisingand distribution networks. 9592 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 25.93 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 26.94 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 27.95 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 27.COUNTRY REPORTS – ITALY 147
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
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press is ridiculous. Journalists co
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But these progressive aspects <stro
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Nevertheless, the loss of</
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may well be true for journalists fr
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Is there a works council at your ne
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will go to television, this being t
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
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Good relations with the business co
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Further, how can a newspaper, whose
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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The Norwegian medi
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Have you ever been put under pressu
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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4. Number of Title
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5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 95 and 96: Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
Page 97 and 98: publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100: A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102: 5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104: Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 105 and 106: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234515,
Page 107 and 108: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 109 and 110: Understandably all German journalis
Page 111 and 112: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113 and 114: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 125 and 126: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 127 and 128: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143: of those mini-comp
Page 144 and 145: for example, is very clear on this
Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 164 and 165: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 31.7M
Page 166 and 167: October 22 2003 was an historic dat
Page 168 and 169: 5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
Page 170 and 171: y a mostly anonymous to the general
Page 172 and 173: On a daily, practical basis there
Page 174 and 175: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
Page 176 and 177: so-called “human interest” stor
Page 178 and 179: indicated that Rodipet applies a di
Page 180 and 181: 5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
Page 182 and 183: 12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
Page 184 and 185: Strengthening of d
Page 186 and 187: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 188 and 189: emerging CEE countries with regard
Page 190 and 191: - Create in all OSCE participating
Page 193 and 194: Organization for Security and Co-op
Page 195 and 196: 1. In which country are you working
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17. Who defines the editorial line
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29. How would you describe the situ
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- This common code of</stro
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Personal and business interestsIt i
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Orkla Media’s
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www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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