The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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cable company. In addition, a vertical integration in the newspapersector is achieved, for example, by 13 printing plants anda couple <strong>of</strong> press distribution networks. 79Alma <strong>Media</strong>, Finland’s second largest media group, is theresult <strong>of</strong> a 1998 merger between Finnish publisher Aamulehetiand the commercial television group MTV Corporation. 26.8per cent <strong>of</strong> Alma <strong>Media</strong>, that is active in Finland, Lithuania,Estonia and Latvia, is owned by the Swedish <strong>Media</strong> Group Bonnier.Alma owns a newspaper portfolio <strong>of</strong> 30 titles, regionalpapers and Finland’s leading commercial TV channel MTV3. 8079 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on the Landscape.A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 12.80 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on the Landscape.A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 13.114 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland competes with Germany for the title <strong>of</strong> “European mediaparadise champion”. So convinced are Finnish print media journalists<strong>of</strong> the health <strong>of</strong> their sector that most <strong>of</strong> them did not feelcompelled to actively participate in this survey. Information forthis analysis had to be gathered by personal interviews withindividual journalists and media experts. <strong>The</strong> surprised remarks<strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> the contacted journalists were revealing:“Negative impacts <strong>of</strong> media concentration on us journalists?At my paper we are understaffed, because we do not find enoughjournalists <strong>of</strong> sufficient talent and quality. <strong>The</strong> same applies tomost other papers. I don’t know what you’re talking about!”This, <strong>of</strong> course, was utter nonsense. Finnish journalists mayhave forgotten the impact <strong>of</strong> structural changes in their businesssome 20 years ago. <strong>The</strong>ir pr<strong>of</strong>essional freedoms may, so far,have survived largely unscathed. But media concentration hasbeen and is happening in Finland, too. With such a small populationand so many media products, newspaper markets arenearly saturated. New niches are hard to find.“<strong>The</strong>re is <strong>of</strong> course at present a lively and wide discussiongoing on about problems and effects <strong>of</strong> media concentration inFinland”, confirms Finnish media expert Jyrki Jyrkiaeinen.This debate is happening for very good reason. Jyrkiaeinencalls it “indicative, that a newspaper with a circulation <strong>of</strong> over90,000 copies, the oldest Finnish-language newspaper from1847 and the second national daily proper, Uusi Suomi, hadto discontinue in 1991. After that the national market niche <strong>of</strong>7-day dailies was left alone to Helsingin Sanomat.”<strong>The</strong> Finnish print media are, however, a rare example <strong>of</strong>how concentration and cross ownership issues can be handledwithout having to compromise too much on either pluralismor content diversity. None <strong>of</strong> the journalists contacted for thisCOUNTRY REPORTS – FINLAND 115
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
Page 64 and 65: press is ridiculous. Journalists co
Page 66 and 67: But these progressive aspects <stro
Page 68 and 69: Nevertheless, the loss of</
Page 70 and 71: may well be true for journalists fr
Page 72 and 73: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 74 and 75: will go to television, this being t
Page 76 and 77: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 78 and 79: Good relations with the business co
Page 80 and 81: Further, how can a newspaper, whose
Page 82 and 83: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 84 and 85: The Norwegian medi
Page 86 and 87: Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 88 and 89: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 91 and 92: 4. Number of Title
Page 93 and 94: 5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 95 and 96: Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
Page 97 and 98: publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100: A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102: 5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104: Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 109 and 110: Understandably all German journalis
Page 111 and 112: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143: of those mini-comp
Page 144 and 145: for example, is very clear on this
Page 146 and 147: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 40.1M
Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 31.7M
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October 22 2003 was an historic dat
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5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
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y a mostly anonymous to the general
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On a daily, practical basis there
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
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so-called “human interest” stor
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indicated that Rodipet applies a di
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5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
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12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
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Strengthening of d
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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emerging CEE countries with regard
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- Create in all OSCE participating
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Organization for Security and Co-op
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1. In which country are you working
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17. Who defines the editorial line
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29. How would you describe the situ
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- This common code of</stro
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Personal and business interestsIt i
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Orkla Media’s
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www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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