The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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<strong>The</strong> Norwegian media house ORKLA issued “Publishing Principles”that guarantee for the editorial independence <strong>of</strong> theirnewspapers. Is there a similar kind <strong>of</strong> guideline in your company?Fig. 13Yes 25No 750 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Twenty-five per cent <strong>of</strong> the journalists included in this surveyat least enjoy the guiding principles on editorial independence,as laid out in the statutes <strong>of</strong> the Norwegian publishing houseOrkla. (Fig. 13)<strong>The</strong> fact that 88 per cent <strong>of</strong> the participants would like towork under similar conditions demonstrates the positive regulatoryand protective effect <strong>of</strong> such principles. (Fig 14)It is protection against the consequences <strong>of</strong> concentrationthat British journalists urgently need. <strong>The</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten admired Anglo-Saxon tradition <strong>of</strong> journalistic independence seems to be at risk,when 44 per cent <strong>of</strong> the survey participants no longer feel freeto voice or write an opinion which is different from the <strong>of</strong>ficialline <strong>of</strong> the paper. (Fig. 15)Almost exactly the same number <strong>of</strong> participants stated thatthey have experienced pressure from their editor to abstainfrom writing on certain events or issues. (Fig. 16)Have you ever been put under pressure by your editor not towrite about certain events or subjects? Fig. 16Yes 43No 570 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Would you prefer having guidelines such as these? Fig. 14Yes 88No 120 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100128 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
Do you feel free to voice and write your personal opinion, evenif it differs from the <strong>of</strong>ficial line <strong>of</strong> the paper? Fig. 15Yes 56No 440 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100In some cases the story is too big not to be mentioned. In thiscase, if the reporter returns from his research with differentresults than those desired, “there will be a debate at executivelevel and the item will either be run unamended, spiked, or arequest made for me to amend the item under instruction, orthe item will be amended by someone else and publishedwithout my further input being requested”.In another case, a specialist journalist described his situationas “dependent on having a patron among the paper’s initiatingeditors – for protection and for reliable opportunitiesand having access to publication. Editors enhance their powerby increasing the insecurities felt by their journalists”.Three out <strong>of</strong> ten pr<strong>of</strong>essional journalists experienced pressurefrom either politicians or business people not to report oncertain knowledge. (Fig. 17)Such incidents occur with higher frequency once pr<strong>of</strong>essionaljournalists are left without proper protection from eithertheir employer or the union. How courageous is the individualreporter supposed to be when an “important advertiser threatensto withdraw”?What happens to journalists who do not bow to suchpressure, was described by one participant <strong>of</strong> this survey asHave you ever been pressured by either politicians or businesspeople not to report on certain events or subjects? Fig. 17Yes 30No 700 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100COUNTRY REPORTS – UNITED KINGDOM 129
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
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press is ridiculous. Journalists co
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But these progressive aspects <stro
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Nevertheless, the loss of</
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may well be true for journalists fr
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Is there a works council at your ne
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will go to television, this being t
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 78 and 79: Good relations with the business co
Page 80 and 81: Further, how can a newspaper, whose
Page 82 and 83: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 84 and 85: The Norwegian medi
Page 86 and 87: Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 88 and 89: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 91 and 92: 4. Number of Title
Page 93 and 94: 5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 95 and 96: Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
Page 97 and 98: publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100: A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102: 5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104: Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 105 and 106: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234515,
Page 107 and 108: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 109 and 110: Understandably all German journalis
Page 111 and 112: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113 and 114: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 125 and 126: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 127: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143: of those mini-comp
Page 144 and 145: for example, is very clear on this
Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 166 and 167: October 22 2003 was an historic dat
Page 168 and 169: 5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
Page 170 and 171: y a mostly anonymous to the general
Page 172 and 173: On a daily, practical basis there
Page 174 and 175: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
Page 176 and 177: so-called “human interest” stor
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indicated that Rodipet applies a di
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5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
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12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
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Strengthening of d
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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emerging CEE countries with regard
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- Create in all OSCE participating
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Organization for Security and Co-op
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1. In which country are you working
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17. Who defines the editorial line
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29. How would you describe the situ
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- This common code of</stro
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Personal and business interestsIt i
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Orkla Media’s
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www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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