The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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<strong>The</strong> data provided by the World Association <strong>of</strong> Newspapers(WAN) shows a continuous decrease <strong>of</strong> both the number <strong>of</strong>daily newspaper titles and circulation in the years 1998 to 2002.Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 77.3Men 79.9Women 75.8Source: World Association <strong>of</strong> Newspapers (2003) World Press Trends 2003.<strong>The</strong> three largest publishing companies are Axel Springer Verlag,Verlagsgruppe WAZ and Südwestdeutsche Medien Holding.All these companies have investments in other media sectorsas well as in foreign media markets. <strong>The</strong> media landscape <strong>of</strong>German daily newspapers is highly regionalized, as can beseen in the large number <strong>of</strong> titles in the relevant graph. On aregional and local level concentration <strong>of</strong> newspapers is considerablyhigh, but on a national level the major dailies belongto different companies.Although Germany’s regional press has a large number <strong>of</strong>titles, which might suggest it is locally produced and diverse incharacter, the bulk <strong>of</strong> editorial content is either produced incentral <strong>of</strong>fices or many <strong>of</strong> the titles are linked with one anotherthrough an umbrella agency. 68 In the radio sector there are lots<strong>of</strong> investments by publishing houses but, however, Germanlegislation sees electronic media and printing houses as belongingto different markets.<strong>The</strong> sector <strong>of</strong> national dailies is dominated by the AxelSpringer title Bild (3,952,000) 69 which sells more than ten timesits nearest rival. However, the largest regional titles are soldnationwide, for example, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (472,600),94 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Leipziger Volkszeitung (400,000),or Frankfurter Rundschau (210,000).Guetersloh based Bertelsmann is Europe’s largest mediaenterprise and one <strong>of</strong> the top ten global media groups. Besidesshares in broadcasting (RTL group) and the magazine sector,Bertelsmann’s daughter company Gruner+Jahr owns 11 stakesin the German newspaper sector, e.g. Berliner Kurier, BerlinerZeitung, or Financial Times Deutschland. Like many other mediagroups Bertelsmann expanded its newspaper activities duringthe 1990s into the emerging CEE markets. 70 With the exception<strong>of</strong> its activities in Poland and Russia, Bertelsmann sold inOctober 2003 all other stakes in the former Yugoslavia, Romaniaand Slovakia to the Swiss Ringier group .One <strong>of</strong> Germany’s largest publishing houses, however, isVerlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck, which is still owned bythe Holtzbrinck family. According to its corporate philosophy,quality and standards take precedence over pr<strong>of</strong>it maximization.Holtzbrinck’s portfolio includes Tagesspiegel, (150,000)Handelsblatt (150,000), and local papers like SaarbrueckerZeitung (182,000). 71Axel Springer Verlag AG, which claims to be the largestnewspaper publishing company in Europe also has broadcastinginterests. Europe’s best selling national daily Bild with 31regional editions belongs to Springer as well as Die Welt(220,000) and a number <strong>of</strong> regional and local papers. OutsideGermany Springer owns, for example, eight daily regional titles68 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 17.69 Financial Times Germany (FTD), “Bild Auflage faellt unter 4 Millionen” (13 January2003).70 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership:Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 17.71 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 18.COUNTRY REPORTS – GERMANY 95
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
Page 43 and 44: Target countries sometimes interpre
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Page 47 and 48: groups to grow. And there is the in
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Page 51 and 52: Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
Page 53 and 54: Yet this simple notion appears to b
Page 55 and 56: newspaper firms. Using the argument
Page 57 and 58: a contribution to democratization a
Page 59: tation of this for
Page 62 and 63: This limitation in no way indicates
Page 64 and 65: press is ridiculous. Journalists co
Page 66 and 67: But these progressive aspects <stro
Page 68 and 69: Nevertheless, the loss of</
Page 70 and 71: may well be true for journalists fr
Page 72 and 73: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 74 and 75: will go to television, this being t
Page 76 and 77: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 78 and 79: Good relations with the business co
Page 80 and 81: Further, how can a newspaper, whose
Page 82 and 83: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 84 and 85: The Norwegian medi
Page 86 and 87: Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 88 and 89: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 91 and 92: 4. Number of Title
Page 93: 5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 97 and 98: publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100: A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102: 5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104: Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 109 and 110: Understandably all German journalis
Page 111 and 112: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113 and 114: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119 and 120: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 121 and 122: • Daily Mail and General Trust: D
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
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for example, is very clear on this
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 40.1M
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5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
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portfolio. In addition, as democrat
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Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
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5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
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is quite remarkable. The</s
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Lithuania is a small country with a
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Another tendency is that newspapers
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Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 31.7M
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October 22 2003 was an historic dat
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5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
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y a mostly anonymous to the general
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On a daily, practical basis there
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
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so-called “human interest” stor
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indicated that Rodipet applies a di
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5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
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12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
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Strengthening of d
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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emerging CEE countries with regard
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- Create in all OSCE participating
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Organization for Security and Co-op
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1. In which country are you working
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17. Who defines the editorial line
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29. How would you describe the situ
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- This common code of</stro
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Personal and business interestsIt i
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Orkla Media’s
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www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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