The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 31.1Men 33.1Women 29.4MHS (Main Household Shopper) 30.3Source: World Association <strong>of</strong> Newspapers (2003) World Press Trends 2003.<strong>The</strong> Communications Bill was widely discussed and has madethe UK one <strong>of</strong> the most liberal countries in terms <strong>of</strong> media ownershipand concentration, especially in commercial broadcasting.Many commentators thought the decision to <strong>of</strong>fer RupertMurdoch a stake in terrestrial television was an attempt by theLabour government to keep Murdoch’s substantial press interestssupportive <strong>of</strong> the government. 81<strong>The</strong> UK has a very centralized national press with most <strong>of</strong>the publishing houses based in London, and produces a range<strong>of</strong> broadsheet, mid-market and tabloid newspapers. <strong>The</strong>behaviour <strong>of</strong> the tabloid press has caused controversy over theyears, with its style <strong>of</strong> intrusive, sensational celebrity and scandaldriven journalism. <strong>The</strong> newspaper industry is self-regulatedby the industry-funded Press Complaints Commission(PCC). 82<strong>The</strong> entire national press is owned by seven companies.<strong>The</strong> four largest <strong>of</strong> these account for about 90 per cent <strong>of</strong> sales:• News International (News Corp.):<strong>The</strong> Sun (3,600,000), <strong>The</strong> Times (632,600), <strong>The</strong> News <strong>of</strong>the World (3,860,000), <strong>The</strong> Sunday Times (1,300,000)• Trinity Mirror: Daily Mirror (2,100,000), Daily Record(Scotland, 541,000), Sunday Mirror (1,760,000),<strong>The</strong> People (1,300,000)120 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
• Daily Mail and General Trust: Daily Mail (2,350,000),Mail on Sunday (2,300,000)• Northern and Shell: <strong>The</strong> Express (936,000),Daily Star (840,000), Sunday Express (926,000). 83<strong>The</strong> other daily national newspapers are <strong>The</strong> Daily Telegraph(946,000), Financial Times (432,000), <strong>The</strong> Guardian (375,000),and <strong>The</strong> Independent (191,000). Other Sunday newspapers are<strong>The</strong> Observer (411,000, owned by <strong>The</strong> Guardian), <strong>The</strong> SundayTelegraph (735,000), and the Independent on Sunday (189,000). 84<strong>The</strong> regional and local newspaper market is also highlyconcentrated. Besides its national activities Trinity Mirrorbelongs to the four largest groups in this field as well. <strong>The</strong>group has a total <strong>of</strong> 234 papers, including regional dailies,weeklies and free newspapers. Newsquest, owned by the USmedia group Gannett has 207 titles covering regional dailies,weeklies and free newspapers. Northcliffe Newspapers is aregional newspaper subsidiary <strong>of</strong> Daily Mail and General Trustand publishes 106 titles. Johnston Press moved, through theacquisition <strong>of</strong> RIM from fifth to fourth place amongst the topregional publishers and has 244 titles.81 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 43.82 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 43.83 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 45.84 European Federation <strong>of</strong> Journalists, European <strong>Media</strong> Ownership: Threats on theLandscape. A Survey <strong>of</strong> who owns what in Europe (EFJ, Brussels, 2002) 45.COUNTRY REPORTS – UNITED KINGDOM 121
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
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press is ridiculous. Journalists co
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But these progressive aspects <stro
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Nevertheless, the loss of</
Page 70 and 71: may well be true for journalists fr
Page 72 and 73: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 74 and 75: will go to television, this being t
Page 76 and 77: Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
Page 78 and 79: Good relations with the business co
Page 80 and 81: Further, how can a newspaper, whose
Page 82 and 83: Service for civil society (%) Fig.
Page 84 and 85: The Norwegian medi
Page 86 and 87: Have you ever been put under pressu
Page 88 and 89: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 91 and 92: 4. Number of Title
Page 93 and 94: 5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
Page 95 and 96: Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
Page 97 and 98: publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
Page 99 and 100: A three directional strategy is wha
Page 101 and 102: 5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
Page 103 and 104: Cross-ownership has also increased
Page 109 and 110: Understandably all German journalis
Page 111 and 112: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 113 and 114: As also seen in Germany, the data p
Page 115 and 116: 5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
Page 117 and 118: Newspaper chains were the logical r
Page 119: 5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
Page 123 and 124: Is there a works council at your ne
Page 129 and 130: Do you feel free to voice and write
Page 131: Do you feel threatened in your posi
Page 134 and 135: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
Page 142 and 143: of those mini-comp
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Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 166 and 167: October 22 2003 was an historic dat
Page 168 and 169: 5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
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y a mostly anonymous to the general
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On a daily, practical basis there
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
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so-called “human interest” stor
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indicated that Rodipet applies a di
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5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
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12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
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Strengthening of d
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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emerging CEE countries with regard
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- Create in all OSCE participating
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Organization for Security and Co-op
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1. In which country are you working
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17. Who defines the editorial line
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29. How would you describe the situ
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- This common code of</stro
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Personal and business interestsIt i
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Orkla Media’s
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www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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