The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional ... - OSCE

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Do you feel threatened in your position by the increasingusage <strong>of</strong> freelance journalists?(%) Fig. 18Yes 8No 920 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100A particularity <strong>of</strong> the Romanian print media landscape is thatthere are next to no freelance journalists, which gives little reasonto feel threatened by them. (Fig. 18) What is more, in some questionnairesa noteworthy concept <strong>of</strong> freelancers was expressed, asnot being a danger for established contracted staff, but insteadbeing high educated specialists, working wherever they areneeded. Single questionnaires even stated that it is desirable towork as a freelancer.Do you think ownership and management <strong>of</strong> your paperconsider the writing staff <strong>of</strong> the company more as an assetor rather as less important? Fig. 19Asset 82Less important 180 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Eighty-two per cent <strong>of</strong> the polled Romanian journalists thinkthat ownership and management <strong>of</strong> their paper consider themmore as an asset than as less important. (Fig. 19)186 THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONCENTRATION ON PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM
6. Conclusions• Globalisation has not spared the European <strong>Media</strong> sector.• <strong>Media</strong> concentration, as well as cross sector ownership andcross-border ownership are part <strong>of</strong> today’s economic realities.Because <strong>of</strong> European integration and global reach <strong>of</strong>a small number <strong>of</strong> media concerns, these phenomena arebound to accelerate and will, consequently, become everharder to control.• <strong>Media</strong> law will never be ahead <strong>of</strong> technological developmentsand their economic consequences.• <strong>The</strong>re is no general pattern for how concentration, crossownership and cross-border ownership occurs. Each markethas its own specific developments.• <strong>The</strong>re is a clear distinction between market conditions inWestern European countries and the emerging democraciesin Central and Eastern Europe: While Western Europeansocieties since World War II had ample time to develop andstrengthen free and independent media, CEE countries,after having experienced three generations <strong>of</strong> communistdictatorship are suffering from the dramatic absence <strong>of</strong>experienced and well-trained journalistic personnel, as wellas the unavoidable structural difficulties resulting fromsocio-political transition processes.• Regulatory, as well as political and ownership interventionsmeant to curb journalistic freedoms and independence,as can be observed in Italy, set bad examples forCONCLUSIONS 187
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REPRESENTATIVE ON FREEDOM OF THE ME
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ContentsPrefaceby Freimut Duve 9Int
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6. Conclusions 187AnnexQuestionnair
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advertisement is very insecure, mak
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industrial lobbying groups still di
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1. The Imp
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sidents” had been imprisoned. “
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determined Freedom of</stro
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co-operate fully with the OSCE Repr
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Such independence, however, comes a
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and mirror of the
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30 million rely exclusively on info
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Unchecked, concentration will reduc
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protected, a certain level
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indication of the
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time, as the concept of</st
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It appears, however, that this posi
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1.7 New Threats on the Horizon1.7.1
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owns or controls not only the three
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Target countries sometimes interpre
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independence proposed by the OSCE R
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groups to grow. And there is the in
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areas of Central a
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Directly or indirectly Mr. Silvio B
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Yet this simple notion appears to b
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newspaper firms. Using the argument
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a contribution to democratization a
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tation of this for
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This limitation in no way indicates
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press is ridiculous. Journalists co
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But these progressive aspects <stro
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Nevertheless, the loss of</
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may well be true for journalists fr
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Is there a works council at your ne
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will go to television, this being t
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Economic revenue (%) Fig. 61234510,
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Good relations with the business co
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Further, how can a newspaper, whose
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Service for civil society (%) Fig.
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The Norwegian medi
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Have you ever been put under pressu
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Do you feel threatened in your posi
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4. Number of Title
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5. Country Reports5.1 Germany5.1.1
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Süddeutsche Zeitung (463,000), Lei
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publisher, the Axel Springer Verlag
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A three directional strategy is wha
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5.1.2 Survey ResultsBacked by tradi
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Cross-ownership has also increased
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Understandably all German journalis
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As also seen in Germany, the data p
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5.2.2 Survey ResultsFinland compete
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Newspaper chains were the logical r
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5.3 United Kingdom5.3.1 Country Rep
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• Daily Mail and General Trust: D
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Is there a works council at your ne
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Do you feel free to voice and write
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Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 30.1M
Page 136 and 137: As regards ownership concentration,
Page 138 and 139: Financial BackgroundDespite the pre
Page 140 and 141: 5.4.2 Survey resultsIf Finnish jour
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Page 144 and 145: for example, is very clear on this
Page 146 and 147: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 40.1M
Page 148 and 149: 5.5.2 Survey ResultsAn anonymous It
Page 150 and 151: portfolio. In addition, as democrat
Page 152 and 153: Mr. Berlusconi’s TV advertisement
Page 154 and 155: 5.6 Lithuania5.6.1 Country ReportCa
Page 156 and 157: is quite remarkable. The</s
Page 158 and 159: Lithuania is a small country with a
Page 160 and 161: Another tendency is that newspapers
Page 162 and 163: Only in 2003, the daily newspaper L
Page 164 and 165: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 31.7M
Page 166 and 167: October 22 2003 was an historic dat
Page 168 and 169: 5.7.2 Survey ResultsSince the end <
Page 170 and 171: y a mostly anonymous to the general
Page 172 and 173: On a daily, practical basis there
Page 174 and 175: Newspaper reach (%)All Adults 15Sou
Page 176 and 177: so-called “human interest” stor
Page 178 and 179: indicated that Rodipet applies a di
Page 180 and 181: 5.8.2 Survey ResultsAlthough a smal
Page 182 and 183: 12345Objectivity (%) Fig. 57,114,32
Page 184 and 185: Strengthening of d
Page 188 and 189: emerging CEE countries with regard
Page 190 and 191: - Create in all OSCE participating
Page 193 and 194: Organization for Security and Co-op
Page 195 and 196: 1. In which country are you working
Page 197 and 198: 17. Who defines the editorial line
Page 199 and 200: 29. How would you describe the situ
Page 201 and 202: - This common code of</stro
Page 203 and 204: Personal and business interestsIt i
Page 205: Orkla Media’s
Page 208: www.osce.org/fomJohannes von Dohnan
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