April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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210 were higher than that of the untreated fruits (Figure 2B). The exogenous ethylene which was suggested to increase the lipoxygenase activity by Yu et al. (2003) might change the permeability of the membrane and cause the increase of TSS in these mature fruits. From the results on high TSS (13.53°Brix) and TA (0.6% citric acid) contents measured at 145 DAF, the treated fruits which are in the range of high eating-quality fruit (Bartholomew et al., 2003) could be harvested one week earlier. Chalermglin (1979) also reported that after applying 1,500 mg/l of ethephon at 112 DAF, the treated fruits could be harvested 11 days TA (%citric acid) Glucose content (g/kg FW) 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 a a a a b a a b a (A) a (C) a 124 131 138 145 152 DAF a 124 131 138 145 152 DAF a a Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) a a a a a a earlier than those of the control. However, TA was found to be inereased in treated fruits while fruit size was reduced and TSS was unchanged. This study indicates that the application of 500 mg/l ethephon to 110 DAF fruits hastened the harvesting time without reducing fruit quality. Figure 2 also showed SuSy activities which were affected by a significant interaction between ethephon concentration and harvesting time. When harvested at 131 DAF, the SuSy activity of the treated fruits was significantly lower than that of the untreated fruits. Chen and Paull (2000) suggested that the low SuSy activity in Figure 2 Changes in tritratable acidity (TA) (A), total soluble solid (TSS) (B) and glucose contents (C) and sucrose synthase activity (D) in pineapple fruits flesh at various harvesting times after treated with 500 mg/l ethephon ( ) and without ethephon ( ) at 110 days after forcing (DAF). Error bars represent standard error of the means of three replications. Bars with the same letter assigned are not significantly different at 0.05 probability level. TSS (°Brix) SuSy Activity (µmole/h/g FV) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 a b b a a a a 124 131 138 145 152 DAF a a b (B) a 124 131 138 145 152 DAF (D) a b a a a a b a a
pineapple fruit allowed the accumulation of sucrose. However, we found that the low SuSy activity in harvested fruits treated at 131 did not enhance the sucrose accumulation (no significant interaction of sucrose was found, Table 1). Therefore, the SuSy activity was not related to the accumulation of sucrose in pineapples which is in contrast to the activity in non-climacteric, satsuma mandarin fruits (Komatsu et al., 2002). The decrease of SuSy activity of harvested fruits treated at 131 DAF might be resulted from the increase in respiration rate which increases the amount of ATP in cells. Therefore, SuSy activity which involves in energy-saving pathway of glycolysis (Huber and Akazawa, 1986) should be decreased. SuSy is an important enzyme for synthesizing UDP-glucose, the cellulose precursor (Nakai et al., 1999). Thus, exogenous ethylene enhances a cellulase activity (Ferrarese et al., 1995) which leads to high production of UDP-glucose that may act as a negative feedback to the SuSy activity. The exact mechanisms of the SuSy activity as well as the effect of ethylene on SuSy activity have still not been well-defined. CONCLUSION We conclude that the ethephon at the rate of 500 mg/l spraying at 110 DAF could increase TSS in pineapple fruit, but not TA, sugar contents and SuSy activity, and the treated fruits could be harvested at 145 DAF without the decrease of fruit size and weight. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The work was partially supported by Thesis and Dissertation Support Fund, Graduate School, Kasetsart University. Special thank to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Napavarn Noparatnaraporn for her suggestion in preparation of this manuscript. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 211 LITERATURE CITED AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. II, 15 th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, Virginia. Audinay, A. 1970. Trial on the artificial control of ripening of pineapples with ethrel. Fruits 25: 757. Bartholomew D.P., E. Malezieux, G.M. Sanewski and E. Sinclair. 2003. Inflorescence and fruit development and yield, pp. 167-202. In D.P. Bartholomew, R.E. Paull and K.G. Rohrbach (eds.). The Pineapple: Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, U.K. Bartolome A.P., P. Ruperez and C. Fuster. 1995. Pineapple fruit: morphological characteristic chemical composition and sensory analysis of Red Spanish and Smooth Cayenne cultivars. Food Chemistry 53: 75-79. Bartolome A.P., P. Ruperez and C. Fuster. 1996. Changes in soluble sugars of two pineapple fruit cultivars during frozen storage. Food Chemistry 56: 163-166. Chalermglin P. 1979. Effect of ethephon on maturation and some fruit characteristics of pineapple. MS dissertation. Kasetsart University, Bangkok. Chen, C.-C. and R.E. Paull. 2000. Sugar metabolism and pineapple flesh translucency. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125: 558-562. D / Aoust, M.-A., S. Yelle and B. Nguyen-Quoc. 1999. Antisense inhibition of tomato fruit sucrose synthase decreases fruit setting and the sucrose unloading capacity of young fruit. Plant Cell 11: 2407-2418. Dull, G.G., R.E. Young and J.B. Biale. 1967. Respiratory patterns in fruit of pineapple, Ananas comosus detached at different stages of development. Physiol. Plant. 20: 1059- 1065. Ferrarese, L., L. Trainotti, P. Moretto, de L.P. Polverino, N. Rascio and G. Casaeoro. 1995. Differential ethylene-inducible expression of
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Page 3 and 4: KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
Page 5 and 6: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
Page 7 and 8: harvesting time which started from
Page 9: y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
Page 15 and 16: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 215
Page 17 and 18: Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
Page 21 and 22: Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Page 25 and 26: CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
Page 29 and 30: difference of soil texture used in
Page 31 and 32: under wet soil condition planting.
Page 33 and 34: tropics. Following the expansion, w
Page 35 and 36: sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
Page 37 and 38: moisture content increment after so
Page 39 and 40: Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
Page 41 and 42: School, Kasetsart University. The a
Page 43 and 44: for combining ability of lines (Lam
Page 45 and 46: selective mass sibbing within indiv
Page 47 and 48: Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
Page 49 and 50: composite sets as used in this stud
Page 53 and 54: days. The numbers of calli producin
Page 55 and 56: the report of Ching (1982) showing
Page 57 and 58: clearly amplified bands generated b
Page 59 and 60: caused by either the recombination
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Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
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Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 265
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was collected and washed with 70% e
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expected size was amplified with 35
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eaction technique has been used for
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Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
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calculated TF value calculated TF v
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sincere gratitude and deep apprecia
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1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
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of all LLS samples in this study we
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Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goe
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considered responsible for low prod
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mineral supplementation suggested b
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Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
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SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
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genes covering a variety of desirab
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mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
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5. Purification by various sucrose
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as the culture period increased. So
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culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 311 -
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GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
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ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
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spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
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cells often displayed an increased
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LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V
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for alternative sources of supply.
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BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
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supplement with glutamate (Iida et
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optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
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fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
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Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
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RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
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Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
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other strains of mice have differen
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dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
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The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
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enzyme and cells were maximized by
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of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
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Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
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Uchida, K. Tateishi, O. Shida and K
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MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
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without coating and coated with pec
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in Table 5-7. It was found that the
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the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
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incubation and reached the final pH
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y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
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during the stages of ripening as su
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As the 25 companies were divided in
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All the data comes up with informat
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as piece “A” or straight as pie
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et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
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p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
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c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
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algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
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the maximum deviation of about 10%.
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Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
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which dynamically and automatically
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2. Framework architecture and compo
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Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
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Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
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and discovery, resource selection a
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April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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