April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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286 was found on cellulose. These results were similar to those reported by Jaurena and Pichard (2001). Beta-carotene and mimosine content in leucaena silage β-carotene of LLS increased significantly (Table 5). Even though no clear explanation can be given, the result was in agreement with that reported by Peterson et al. (1935; cited by Watson and Nash, 1960) who found the increment of carotene in alfalfa ensiling with acid. However, Hellbery (1945; cited by Watson and Nash, 1960) reported that 11-75% of carotene was loss by oxidation during fermentation. The extent of loss depended on oxygen content and temperature in the silo. Fermentation decreased 91-93% of mimosine. The length of ensiling had no effect on mimosine loss. The result was in agreement with that reported by Hongo et al. (1986) and Sunagawa et al. (1989) who found mimosine reduction over 90% in LLS either with or without additives. The reduction of mimosine by ensiling being higher than by sun drying (14.5-51.1% of the original samples) was reported by Panja (1983), Parkwiwat (1984) and Wee and Wang (1987). These results indicated that LLS is an interesting alternative for feed preservation. CONCLUSION The ensiling of LL by mixing with 20% Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) Table 5 β-carotene and mimosine content in leucaena mixed with rice bran and ensiled at different durations. Ensiling period β-carotene Mimosine (days) mg/kg DM % increment % DM % lost 0 88.50a 0.00 1.79b 0.00 21 99.92ab 12.90 0.13a 92.74 51 116.29bc 31.40 0.14a 92.18 81 120.28c 35.91 0.16a 91.06 111 105.21abc 18.88 0.12a 93.30 Value in a column with different superscripts differ significantly (p
Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goering, H. K. and P. T. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fibre analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedure and some application). USDA/ ARS Agricultural Handbook No. 379, Washington, D.C. Göhl, B. 1975. Tropical feeds. FAO Feed International Centre, Rome. Gross, F. 1982. Grundlagen der Futterkonservierung. pp. 6-42. In Tierische Erzeugung-Grundlagen. Achte uberarbeitete Auflage. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft. München. Halim, R. A. 1992. Productivity and nutritive value of six fodder tree species. pp 54. In Proceeding of The Sixth AAAP Animal Science Congress, vol. III, Bangkok. Hegarty, M. P., R. D. Court and P. M. Thorne. 1964. The determination of mimosine and 3,4dihydroxypyridine in biological material. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 15: 168-179. Hongo, F., S. Tawata, Y. Watanabe and S. Shiroma. 1986. Mimosine degradation as affected by ensiling of Leucaena leucocephala de Wit. Japanese J. Zootech Sci. 57(3): 223-230. Jaurena, G. and G. Pichard. 2001. Contribution of storage and structural polysaccharides to the fermentation process and nutritive value of Lucerne ensiled alone or mixed with cereal grains. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 92: 159- 173. Jone, R. J. 1994. Management of anti-nutritive factors-with special reference to leucaena. pp. 216-231. In R.C. Gutteridge and H.M. Shelton (eds.). Forage, Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. CAB International, Wallingford. Juliano, B. O. 1985. Rice bran. pp. 647-687. In B.O. Juliano (ed.). Rice Chemistry and Technology. 2 nd ed. American Association of Cereal Chemists Inc., Minnessota. Lamchoun, W. 1998. Seasonal variation and effect of sources of beta-carotene on plasma beta-carotene concentration of dairy cattle. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 287 M.Sc. Thesis, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. Liener, I. E. 1989. Antinutritional factors. pp. 339- 382. In R.H. Matthews (ed.). Legumes Chemistry, Technology and Human nutrition. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. McDonald, P., N. Henderson and S. Heron. 1991. The Biochemistry of silage. 2 nd ed. Chalcombe Publications, UK. 340p. Norton, B. W. 1994. The nutritive value of tree legumes. pp. 177-191. In R.C. Gutteridge and H.M. Shelton (eds.). Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. CAB International, Wallingford. Panja, P. 1983. Determination of mimosine content and toxic reduction in Leucaena leucocephala leaves. M.Sc. Thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. Pharkwiwat, S. 1984. Study on nutritive values and detoxification methods of mimosine reduction in Leucaena leucocephala leaves. M.Sc. Thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. Sunagawa, L., F. Hongo, Y. Kawashima and S. Tawatana. 1989. The effect of mimosinereduced leucaena feed on sheep. Japanese J. Zootech Sci. 60(2): 133-140. Thepprapakorn, R. 2001. Research and development on method for production and using giant leucaena leaves silage for local farmer dairy cattle feeding. M.Sc. Thesis, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai. Watson, S. J. and M. J. Nash. 1960. The Conservation of Grass and Forage Crops. 2 nd Ed. Oliver and Boyd Ltd., Edinburgh. Wee, K. L. and S. S. Wang. 1987. Effect of postharvest treatment on the degradation of mimosine in Leucaena leucocephala leaves. J. Sci. Food Agric. 39: 195-201. Zimmer, E. 1966. Die Neufassung des Garfutterschlussels nuch Flieg. Das Wirtschaltseigene Futter. 12: 299-203.
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April - June 2007 Volume 41 Number
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
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harvesting time which started from
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y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
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pineapple fruit allowed the accumul
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 215
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Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
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Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
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difference of soil texture used in
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under wet soil condition planting.
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tropics. Following the expansion, w
Page 35 and 36: sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
Page 37 and 38: moisture content increment after so
Page 39 and 40: Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
Page 41 and 42: School, Kasetsart University. The a
Page 43 and 44: for combining ability of lines (Lam
Page 45 and 46: selective mass sibbing within indiv
Page 47 and 48: Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
Page 49 and 50: composite sets as used in this stud
Page 51 and 52: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 251 -
Page 53 and 54: days. The numbers of calli producin
Page 55 and 56: the report of Ching (1982) showing
Page 57 and 58: clearly amplified bands generated b
Page 59 and 60: caused by either the recombination
Page 61 and 62: Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
Page 63 and 64: Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
Page 65 and 66: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 265
Page 67 and 68: was collected and washed with 70% e
Page 69 and 70: expected size was amplified with 35
Page 71 and 72: eaction technique has been used for
Page 73 and 74: Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
Page 75 and 76: MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
Page 79 and 80: calculated TF value calculated TF v
Page 81 and 82: sincere gratitude and deep apprecia
Page 83 and 84: 1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
Page 85: of all LLS samples in this study we
Page 89 and 90: considered responsible for low prod
Page 93 and 94: mineral supplementation suggested b
Page 95 and 96: Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
Page 97 and 98: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
Page 99 and 100: SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
Page 101 and 102: genes covering a variety of desirab
Page 103 and 104: mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
Page 105 and 106: 5. Purification by various sucrose
Page 107 and 108: as the culture period increased. So
Page 109 and 110: culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
Page 113 and 114: GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
Page 115 and 116: ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
Page 117 and 118: spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
Page 121 and 122: cells often displayed an increased
Page 123 and 124: LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V
Page 125 and 126: for alternative sources of supply.
Page 127 and 128: BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
Page 129 and 130: supplement with glutamate (Iida et
Page 131 and 132: optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
Page 133 and 134: fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
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Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
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RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
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Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
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other strains of mice have differen
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dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
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The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
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enzyme and cells were maximized by
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of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
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Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
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Uchida, K. Tateishi, O. Shida and K
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MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
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without coating and coated with pec
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in Table 5-7. It was found that the
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the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
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incubation and reached the final pH
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y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
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during the stages of ripening as su
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As the 25 companies were divided in
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All the data comes up with informat
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as piece “A” or straight as pie
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et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
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p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
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c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
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algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
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the maximum deviation of about 10%.
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Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
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which dynamically and automatically
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2. Framework architecture and compo
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Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
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Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
Page 205 and 206:
and discovery, resource selection a
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