April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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240 GC10981 which could be used to identify the field weathering resistance of these varieties. On the other hand, since the ability of seed coat to absorb moisture from the environment is a decisive factor in field weathering, the faster the seed absorbs moisture from the environment, the more serious the weathering that occurs. Thus, the controlled deterioration method developed by Matthews (1980) was modified to evaluate the seed weathering. The modified treatments emphasized the relationship between seed moisture absorbing speed and seed weathering. The original controlled deterioration method was modified into three combinations of water soaking time and incubating time to compare with the standard accelerated aging test. Soaking the seeds in distilled water for 60 minutes and incubating at 41°C under 90-100% relative humidity for 3 days showed a wide-ranging difference in germination and viability between CM60 and GC10981. Since the difference in field weathering resistance of these two soybean varieties had been stated by Kaowanant (2003), the treatments which showed more difference between these varieties should be more efficient for distinguishing the field weathering resistance of soybeans. Thus, this treatment was considered to be efficient for testing field weathering resistance of soybean. The efficiency of the modified incubator weathering and controlled deterioration were further confirmed on 11 soybean varieties/lines in experiment B. Highly significant correlation was found between the germination of seeds treated by field weathering and by controlled deterioration (r=0.964**, n=11), as well as the viability of seeds subjected to these two treatments (r=0.716*, n=11). It is possible to use this controlled deterioration method to predict the field weathering resistance of soybean varieties. There was highly significant negative correlation between the water absorbing speed and the final germination of the treated seeds (r=-0.785**, n=11), it was confirmed that the seeds absorbing Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) water faster would suffer more serious deterioration during the incubation resulting in a lower percentage of germination. The incubator weathering and controlled deterioration methods were further applied to evaluate the field weathering resistance of F 2 progenies derived from the cross CM60/GC10981. The germination and viability of seeds subjected to both treatments were continuous with a normal distribution. There was highly significant correlation between incubator weathering and controlled deterioration by considering germination and viability of the seeds (germination r=0.331**, viability r=0.425**, n=139). Both incubator weathering and controlled deterioration may be used to determine the field weathering resistance of soybean varieties. However, it is difficult to treat a great number of pods at the same time in incubator weathering test due to the laboratory limitations, especially in large-scale breeding programs. Controlled deterioration method makes it possible to harvest the pods at physiological maturity, dry to a similar moisture content level, and then store for testing. This will be very beneficial to large-scale screening in breeding programs. CONCLUSION The modified controlled deterioration (soaking seeds in distilled water for 60 minutes and incubating at 41°C under 90-100% relative humidity for 3 days) was confirmed to be useful for evaluating field weathering resistance of soybean seeds based on the hypothesis of a correlation between the water absorbing speed and field weathering resistance of seeds, especially for large-scale soybean breeding programs that focus on seed quality. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was partly supported by the Graduate Research Scholarship from the Graduate
School, Kasetsart University. The authors also would like to express thanks Mr. Adrian Hillman for editing the English grammar of this paper and to Miss Sirikwan Sawatsitung, Miss Peeraya Thanarog, Miss Phan Thi Thanh, and Miss Supaporn Dechkrong for their helps in the experimental field. LITERATURE CITED Association of Official Seed Analysts. 2000. Rules for testing seeds. Proc. Assoc. Off. Seed Anal. 60(2): 1-39. Balducchi, A.J. and D.C. McGee. 1987. Environmental factors influencing infection of soybean seed by Phomopsis and Diaporthe species during seed maturation. Plant Disease 71: 209-212. Dassou, S. and E.A. Kueneman. 1984. Screening methodology for resistance to field weathering in soybean seed. Crop Sci. 24: 774-779. Delouche, J.C. 1980. Environmental effects on seed development and seed quality. HortScience 15(6): 775-780. Horlings, G.P., E.E. Gamble and S. Shanmugasundaram. 1994. Weathering of soybean in the tropics as affected by seed characteristics and reproductive development. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad): 71(2): 110-115. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 241 Kaowanant, R. 2003. Varietal Differences of Soybean in Quality and Physical Characteristics of Seeds in Resistance to Field Weathering. M.S. thesis. King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang. Bangkok. Komez, K.A. and A.R. Komez. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agriucltural Research. 2 nd ed. International Rice Research Institute. John Willey & Sons, Inc., New York. Kueneman, E.A. 1982. Genetic differences in soybean seed quality screening methods for cultivar improvement, pp 31-41. In J.B. Sinclair and J.A. Jackobs (eds.). Soybean Seed Quality and Stand Establishment. International Agriculture Publications. University of Illinois, Urbanna-Champaign, IL. Matthews, S. 1980. Controlled deterioration: A new vigor test for crop seeds, pp 647-660. In P.D. Hebblethwaite (ed.). Seed Production Butterworths, London. Powell, A.A. and S. Matthews. 1981. Evaluation of controlled deterioration, a new vigor test for crop seeds. Seed Sci. and Tech. 9: 633- 640. Tekrony, D.M., D.B. Egli and A.D. Phillips. 1980. Effect of field weathering on the viability and vigor of soybean seed. Agron. J. 72: 749-755.
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Page 5 and 6: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
Page 7 and 8: harvesting time which started from
Page 9 and 10: y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
Page 11 and 12: pineapple fruit allowed the accumul
Page 15 and 16: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 215
Page 17 and 18: Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
Page 21 and 22: Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Page 25 and 26: CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
Page 29 and 30: difference of soil texture used in
Page 31 and 32: under wet soil condition planting.
Page 33 and 34: tropics. Following the expansion, w
Page 35 and 36: sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
Page 37 and 38: moisture content increment after so
Page 39: Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
Page 43 and 44: for combining ability of lines (Lam
Page 45 and 46: selective mass sibbing within indiv
Page 47 and 48: Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
Page 49 and 50: composite sets as used in this stud
Page 53 and 54: days. The numbers of calli producin
Page 55 and 56: the report of Ching (1982) showing
Page 57 and 58: clearly amplified bands generated b
Page 59 and 60: caused by either the recombination
Page 61 and 62: Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
Page 63 and 64: Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
Page 67 and 68: was collected and washed with 70% e
Page 69 and 70: expected size was amplified with 35
Page 71 and 72: eaction technique has been used for
Page 73 and 74: Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
Page 75 and 76: MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
Page 79 and 80: calculated TF value calculated TF v
Page 81 and 82: sincere gratitude and deep apprecia
Page 83 and 84: 1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
Page 85 and 86: of all LLS samples in this study we
Page 87 and 88: Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goe
Page 89 and 90: considered responsible for low prod
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 291
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mineral supplementation suggested b
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Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
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SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
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genes covering a variety of desirab
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mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
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5. Purification by various sucrose
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as the culture period increased. So
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culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 311 -
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GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
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ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
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spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
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cells often displayed an increased
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LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V
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for alternative sources of supply.
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BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
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supplement with glutamate (Iida et
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optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
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fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
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Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
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RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
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Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
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other strains of mice have differen
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dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
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The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
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enzyme and cells were maximized by
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of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
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Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
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Uchida, K. Tateishi, O. Shida and K
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MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
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without coating and coated with pec
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in Table 5-7. It was found that the
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the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
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incubation and reached the final pH
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y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
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during the stages of ripening as su
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As the 25 companies were divided in
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All the data comes up with informat
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as piece “A” or straight as pie
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et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
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p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
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c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
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algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 389
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the maximum deviation of about 10%.
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Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
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which dynamically and automatically
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2. Framework architecture and compo
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Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
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Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
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and discovery, resource selection a
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April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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