April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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256 mg/l NAA, 300 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 15% coconut water, 30 g/l sucrose and 2.5% phytagel (MR1 medium). It was also found that the percentage of green plantlet formation of calli cultured on the media without BAP and NAA was increased when the concentration of kinetin increased. By two steps culturing (callus induction and subsequent regeneration of calli), the total of four green plantlets were obtained (Figure 2A,B). However, one of these plantlets died during subculturing leaving only three plantlets for further investigation. It is interesting to find that regeneration medium highly supported callus proliferation (80%-96.34%, Table 2) of those previously grown in the medium containing 2 mg/ 2,4-D but the complete plantlets formation was better formed in the media without 2,4-D. These results implied that regeneration response of calli was possibly affected by the interaction between the composition, particularly the types of auxin, of induction media and regeneration media. Although the percentages of callus induction (3.33-6.11%) and green plantlet formation (0.00-1.29%) of BC 1F 1 in this study were lower than those of Lemont/KDML 105 hybrid (2.22%-44.46% and 0.00%-20% <strong>Kasetsart</strong> J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) respectively) as reported by Lertvichai (1995), they were comparable to those of KDML 105/Chainat1 hybrid (Boonintara, 2004). The low outcome of callus formation and recovering plants from anther culture of indica rice are known to be genotypic dependent (Khanna and Raina, 1998). A large percentage of albinos (more than 90%, data not shown) obtained in this study is considered unsatisfactory but similar to other reports of albinos ranging from 5% to 100% in rice anther culture, especially in indica rice (Bhojwani et al., 2001). Several factors, including pre-treatment, culture medium and culturing steps considerably affected the frequency of albinism. However, high sugar concentration might be another cause of albino plant formation as seen in the increase percentage of albino plantlet of japonica rice (Tainan 5) in the increased sugar culture (Chen, 1978). AFLP based background analysis in anther culture-derived plants AFLP analysis was performed on six ACderived plants (three plants obtained by one-step plantlet formation and the others from two-step plantlet formation) to assess the contribution of two parental genomes in these plants. Out of 373 Figure 2 Development of calli: (A) green spot producing callus (arrow), (B) green plantlet regeneration, after 15-20 days of culturing on regeneration media containing MS supplemented with 2 mg/l BAP, 0.2 mg/l NAA, 300 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 15% coconut water, and 30g/l sucrose.
clearly amplified bands generated by 15 primer combinations, 73 bands showed polymorphisms between the parents (Figure 4) of which 50 bands were specific for KDML105 and 23 specific bands for IRBB5 (data not shown). By assuming random distribution of AFLP markers in rice genome, it was found that the percentage of recurrent parental alleles (KDML105) recovered in AC-derived plants population was found ranging from 57.3% to 67.12% (Table 3). This result is somewhat narrower than the anticipated distribution of chromosomes containing recurrent parental alleles (50%-100%) in plantlets obtained from anther culture of BC 1F 1 plants, which is possibly due to the fact that AFLP primers used in the present study did not cover the whole genome. Furthermore, only six AC-derived plants were obtained and could not, thereby, represent the broad distribution of the overall AFLP alleles in the population. In addition, Guiderdoni (1991) reported that androgenesis of microspores containing more genetic make-up of recurrent parent may be masked by gametic selection. This selection resulted in the segregation distortion of alleles and preventing AC-derived plants from being truly <strong>Kasetsart</strong> J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 257 BC 1F 1 gametic array as also shown in the anther culture of japonica/indica and indica/indica rice hybrids. After planting six healthy AC-derived plants, seeds were obtained in two out of these six plants (33.33%, data not shown) indicating the occurrence of spontaneous chromosome doubling which resulted in two homozygous lines from anther culture of BC 1F 1 (KDML105//IRBB5/ KDML105). This result was not surprising since the mechanisms to double chromosome can occur at various stages in vitro, including callus formation, callus re-differentiation and embryogenesis in rice anther culture, and even in tillers (Bishnoi et al., 2000). Although the percentage of chromosome doubling obtained from this study (33.33%) was lower than the anther culture of KDML105/RD23 (86.1%) reported by Pakdeechanuan (1997), it was higher than that of KDML105/Lemont (25%) (Lertvichai, 1995) and comparable to those of KDML105/Chainat1 (33.33%) (Boonintara, 2004). Genotypic dependence was suspected to be the main cause affecting the frequency of chromosome doubling in rice anther culture (Sopory et.al. 1996). Table 3 The percentage of recurrent parental alleles (KDML105) recovered in AC-derived plants population as detected by AFLP using 15 primer combinations. Individual AC- Number of specific Number of specific Percentage of derived plants bands presented bands presented recurrent parental only in KDML105 only in IRBB5 alleles (KDML105) recovered in AC-derived plants (%) 1 49 24 67.12 2* 47 26 64.38 3 42 31 57.53 4* 47 26 64.38 5 45 28 61.64 6 43 30 58.90 Average percentage of recurrent parental alleles recovered in AC-derived plants 62.33 * indicated spontaneous double haploids
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April - June 2007 Volume 41 Number
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
Page 5 and 6: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
Page 7 and 8: harvesting time which started from
Page 9 and 10: y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
Page 11 and 12: pineapple fruit allowed the accumul
Page 15 and 16: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 215
Page 17 and 18: Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
Page 21 and 22: Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Page 25 and 26: CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
Page 29 and 30: difference of soil texture used in
Page 31 and 32: under wet soil condition planting.
Page 33 and 34: tropics. Following the expansion, w
Page 35 and 36: sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
Page 37 and 38: moisture content increment after so
Page 39 and 40: Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
Page 41 and 42: School, Kasetsart University. The a
Page 43 and 44: for combining ability of lines (Lam
Page 45 and 46: selective mass sibbing within indiv
Page 47 and 48: Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
Page 49 and 50: composite sets as used in this stud
Page 53 and 54: days. The numbers of calli producin
Page 55: the report of Ching (1982) showing
Page 59 and 60: caused by either the recombination
Page 61 and 62: Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
Page 63 and 64: Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
Page 67 and 68: was collected and washed with 70% e
Page 69 and 70: expected size was amplified with 35
Page 71 and 72: eaction technique has been used for
Page 73 and 74: Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
Page 75 and 76: MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
Page 79 and 80: calculated TF value calculated TF v
Page 81 and 82: sincere gratitude and deep apprecia
Page 83 and 84: 1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
Page 85 and 86: of all LLS samples in this study we
Page 87 and 88: Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goe
Page 89 and 90: considered responsible for low prod
Page 93 and 94: mineral supplementation suggested b
Page 95 and 96: Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
Page 97 and 98: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
Page 99 and 100: SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
Page 101 and 102: genes covering a variety of desirab
Page 103 and 104: mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
Page 105 and 106: 5. Purification by various sucrose
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as the culture period increased. So
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culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 311 -
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GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
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ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
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spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
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cells often displayed an increased
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LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V
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for alternative sources of supply.
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BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
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supplement with glutamate (Iida et
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optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
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fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
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Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
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RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
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Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
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other strains of mice have differen
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dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
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The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
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enzyme and cells were maximized by
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of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
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Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
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Uchida, K. Tateishi, O. Shida and K
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MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
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without coating and coated with pec
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in Table 5-7. It was found that the
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the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
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incubation and reached the final pH
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y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
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during the stages of ripening as su
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As the 25 companies were divided in
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All the data comes up with informat
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as piece “A” or straight as pie
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et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
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p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
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c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
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algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 389
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the maximum deviation of about 10%.
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Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
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which dynamically and automatically
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2. Framework architecture and compo
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Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
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Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
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and discovery, resource selection a
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April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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