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212 cellulase in pepper plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 29: 735-747. Holcroft, D.M. and A.A. Kader. 1999. Controlled atmosphere-induced changes in pH and organic acid metabolism may affect color of stored strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 17: 19-32. Hubbard, N.L., S.C. Huber and D.M. Pharr. 1989. Sucrose phosphate synthase and acid invertase as determinants of sucrose concentration in developing muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruits. Plant Physiol. 91: 1527-1534. Huber, S.C. and T. Akazawa. 1986. A novel sucrose synthase pathway for sucrose degradation in culture sycamore cells. Plant Physiol. 81: 1008-1013. Komatsu, A., T. Moriguchi, K. Koyame, M. Omura and T. Akihama. 2002. Analysis of sucrose synthase genes in citrus suggests different roles and phylogenetic relationships. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 61-71. Nakai, T., N. Tonouchi, T. Konishi, Y. Kojima, T. Tsuchida, F. Yoshinaga, F. Sakai and T. Hayashi. 1999. Enhancement of cellulose production by expression of sucrose synthase in Acetobacter xylinum. PNAS 96: 14-18. Nguyen-Quoc, B. and C.H. Foyer. 2001. A role for ‘futile cycles’ involving invertase and sucrose synthase in sucrose metabolism of tomato fruit. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 881-889. Ruan, Y.-L., D.J. Llewellyn and R.T. Furbank. 2003. Suppression of sucrose synthase gene Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) expression represses cotton fiber cell initiation, elongation, and seed development. Plant Cell 15: 952-964. Singleton, V.L. and W.A. Gortner. 1965. Chemical and physical development of pineapple fruit II. Carbohydrate and acid constituents. J. Food Sci. 30: 19-23. Smith, L.G. 1988. Indices of physiological maturity and eating quality in Smooth Cayenne pineapples. 2. Indices of eating quality. Queensl. J. Agric. Animal Sci. 45: 219-228. . 1991. Effects of ethephon on ripening and quality of freshmarket pineapples. Austral. J. Exp. Agric. 31: 123-127. Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger. 1998. Plant Physiology, 2 nd ed., Sinaver Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland. 792 p. Thongtham, J. 1983. Pineapple and Pineapple Industry in Thailand. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. Ulrich, R. 1970. Organic acids, pp. 89-118. In A.C. Hulme (ed.). The Biochemistry of Fruits and Their Products, Vol 1. Academic Press, London. Yu, Z., C. Kun-Song, C. Qing-Jun, Z. Shang-Long and R. Yi-Ping. 2003. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and ethylene treatments on ripening and softening of postharvest kiwifruit. Acta Bot. Sinica 45: 1447-1452.
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 213 - 226 (2007) Phylogenetic Analysis of Thai Amomum (Alpinioideae: Zingiberaceae) Using AFLP Markers Wittaya Kaewsri 1 *, Yingyong Paisooksantivatana 1 , Uamporn Veesommai 1 , Wichan Eiadthong 2 and Srunya Vajrodaya 3 ABSTRACT The AFLP technique was used to assess the genetic relationships among 45 zingiberaceous plants including 40 collections of Amomum and 5 outgroup taxa: Alpinia, Etlingera 1, Etlingera 2, Elettaria and Geostachys. Cluster analysis using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), based on AFLP data from 122 polymorphic bands generated with five primer combinations, was performed. The grouping of accessions of most species corresponded with their fruit morphological characteristics and were found to be consistent with previous studies. The species of Thai Amomum were classified into 3 groups based on AFLP markers: A. aculeatum group, A. biflorum group, and A. dealbatum group. The genetic relationships among genus Amomum and other genera in the tribe Alpinioideae are still incompletely understood. Key words: phylogenetic, Amomum, AFLP, Thailand INTRODUCTION Amomum Roxb. is one of the largest genera in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) with about 150-180 species. As currently recognized, Amomum occurs from the Himalayas through Southeast Asia, Northern Australia and extends into the central Pacific and is widely distributed in Southeast Asia (Kiew, 1982; Smith, 1985). Sirirugsa (2001) estimated about 15-20 species to be found in Thailand. Plants of Amomum are generally evergreen herbs inhabiting wet forests in light gaps and at forest margins (Sakai and Nagamasu, 1998). Many species are used as medicine, spice, condiment and vegetable. Even though the plants from this genus have been long utilized, the identification is still confusing because of the absence of a comprehensive work on the genus and the much confused taxonomic problems. These bring about many changes in their taxonomic status. Four species of Amomum were first recognized by Linnaeus (1753) including: A. cardamomum, A. zingiber, A. zerumbet and A. grana-paradisi. These species have since been transferred to Elettaria Maton, Zingiber Boehm and Aframomum K. Schum. by Burtt and Smith (1972). Baker (1892), classified Amomum into 5 sections; Geanthus, Achasma, Hornstedtia, Euamomum and Cenolophon based on 1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 2 Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 3 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. * Corresponding author, e-mail: wittayakaewsri@yahoo.com Received date : 30/03/06 Accepted date : 3/10/06
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Page 3 and 4: KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
Page 5 and 6: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
Page 7 and 8: harvesting time which started from
Page 9 and 10: y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
Page 11: pineapple fruit allowed the accumul
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Page 17 and 18: Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
Page 21 and 22: Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Page 25 and 26: CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
Page 29 and 30: difference of soil texture used in
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Page 33 and 34: tropics. Following the expansion, w
Page 35 and 36: sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
Page 37 and 38: moisture content increment after so
Page 39 and 40: Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
Page 41 and 42: School, Kasetsart University. The a
Page 43 and 44: for combining ability of lines (Lam
Page 45 and 46: selective mass sibbing within indiv
Page 47 and 48: Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
Page 49 and 50: composite sets as used in this stud
Page 53 and 54: days. The numbers of calli producin
Page 55 and 56: the report of Ching (1982) showing
Page 57 and 58: clearly amplified bands generated b
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Page 61 and 62: Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
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Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 265
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was collected and washed with 70% e
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expected size was amplified with 35
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eaction technique has been used for
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Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
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calculated TF value calculated TF v
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sincere gratitude and deep apprecia
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1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
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of all LLS samples in this study we
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Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goe
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considered responsible for low prod
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mineral supplementation suggested b
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Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
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SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
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genes covering a variety of desirab
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mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
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5. Purification by various sucrose
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as the culture period increased. So
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culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 311 -
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GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
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ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
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spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
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cells often displayed an increased
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LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V
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for alternative sources of supply.
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BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
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supplement with glutamate (Iida et
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optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
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fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
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Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
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RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
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Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
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other strains of mice have differen
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dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
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The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
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enzyme and cells were maximized by
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of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
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Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
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Uchida, K. Tateishi, O. Shida and K
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MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
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without coating and coated with pec
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in Table 5-7. It was found that the
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the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
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incubation and reached the final pH
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y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
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during the stages of ripening as su
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As the 25 companies were divided in
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All the data comes up with informat
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as piece “A” or straight as pie
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et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
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p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
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c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
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algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
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the maximum deviation of about 10%.
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Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
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which dynamically and automatically
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2. Framework architecture and compo
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Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
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Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
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and discovery, resource selection a
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