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354 Chiang, C. L., C. T. Chang and H. Y. Sung. 2003. Purification and properties of chitosanase from a mutant of Bacillus subtilis IMR-NK1. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 32: 260-267. Jeon, Y. J. and S. K. Kim. 1998. Bioactivities of chitosan oligosaccharides and their derivative, pp. 328-333. In R.H. Chen and H.C. Chen (eds.). Advances in Chitin Science, vol. 3, P.R. China. Jeon, Y. J. and S. K. Kim. 2000. Continuous production of chito-oligosaccharides using a dual reactor system. Process Biochem. 35: 623-632. Kim, S. B., B. K. Ham. B. O. Rhee, W. J. Lee and D. H. Jo. 2001. Effects of solvents on the viscosity of chitosan solution, pp.105-106. In T. Uragami, K. Kurita and T. Fukamizo, eds. Chitin and Chitosan in Life Science. Kodansha Scientific, Tokyo. Kobayashi, T., Y. Takiguchi, K. Shimahara and T. Sannan. 1988. Distribution of chitosan in Absidia strains and some properties of the chitosan isolated. Nipon Nogeikagaku Kaishi 62: 1463-1469. Kumar, G., J. F. Bristow, P. J. Smith and G. F. Payne. 2000. Enzymatic gelation of the natural polymer chitosan. Polymer. 41: 2157-2168. Kurakake, M., S. K. Nakagawa, M. Sugihara and T. Komaki. 2000. Properties of chitosanase from Bacillus cereus S1. Current Microbiol. 40: 6-9. Miller, G. L. 1959. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem. 31: 426-428. No, H. K., N. Y. Park, S. H, Lee and S. P. Meyers. 2001. Antibacterial activities of chitosan and chitosan oligomers with different molecular weights on spoilage isolated from tofu, pp. 270-271. In T. Uragami, K. Kurita and T. Fukamizo, eds. Chitin and Chitosan in Life Science, Kodansha Scientific, Tokyo. Okajima, S. A. Ando, H. Shinoyama and T. Fujii. 1994. Purification and characterization of an Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) extracellular chitosanase produced by Amycolatopsis sp. CsO-2. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 77: 617-620. Papineau, A. M., D. G. Hoover, D. Knorr and D. F. Farkas. 1991. Antimicrobial effect of water soluble chitosan with high hydrostatic pressure. Food Biotecnol. 5: 45-57. Pelletier, A. and J. Sygusch. 1990. Purification and characterization of three chitosanase activities from Bacillus megaterium P1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 844-848. Price, J. S. and R. Storck. 1975. Production, purification and characterization of an extracellular chitosanase from Streptomyces. J. Bacteriol. 124: 1574-1585. Shimosaka, M., M. Nagawa, X.Y. Wang, M. Kumehara and M. Okazaki. 1995. Production of two chitosanase from a chitosanassimilating bacterium, Acinetobacter sp. strain CHB101. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 138-442. Shimosaka, M., Y. Fukumori, X. Y. Zhang, N. J. He, R. Kodaira and M. Okazaki. 2000. Molecular cloning and characterization of a chitosanase from the chitosanolytic bacterium Burkholderia gladioli strain CHB101. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54: 354-360. Somashekar, D. and R. Joseph. 1996. Chitosanases-properties and application: a review. Biores. Technol. 55: 35-45 Suzuki, K., Y. Okawa, K. Hashimoto, S. Suzuki and M. Suzuki.1984. Protecting effect of chitin and chitosan on experimentally induced marine candidiasis. Microb. Immunol. 28: 903-912. Tominaga, Y. and Y. Tsujisaka. 1975. Purification and some enzymatic properties of the chitosanase from Bacillus R-4 which lyses Rhizopus cell walls. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 410: 145-155. Uchida, Y. and A. Ohtakara. 1988. Chitosanase from Bacillus species. Method Enzymol. 161: 501-505.
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April - June 2007 Volume 41 Number
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
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harvesting time which started from
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y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
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pineapple fruit allowed the accumul
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 215
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Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
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Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
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difference of soil texture used in
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under wet soil condition planting.
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tropics. Following the expansion, w
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sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
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moisture content increment after so
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Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
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School, Kasetsart University. The a
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for combining ability of lines (Lam
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selective mass sibbing within indiv
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Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
Page 49 and 50:
composite sets as used in this stud
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
days. The numbers of calli producin
Page 55 and 56:
the report of Ching (1982) showing
Page 57 and 58:
clearly amplified bands generated b
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caused by either the recombination
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Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
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Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
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was collected and washed with 70% e
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expected size was amplified with 35
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eaction technique has been used for
Page 73 and 74:
Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
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calculated TF value calculated TF v
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sincere gratitude and deep apprecia
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1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
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of all LLS samples in this study we
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Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goe
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considered responsible for low prod
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mineral supplementation suggested b
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Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
Page 97 and 98:
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
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SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
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genes covering a variety of desirab
Page 103 and 104: mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
Page 105 and 106: 5. Purification by various sucrose
Page 107 and 108: as the culture period increased. So
Page 109 and 110: culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
Page 111 and 112: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 311 -
Page 113 and 114: GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
Page 115 and 116: ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
Page 117 and 118: spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
Page 121 and 122: cells often displayed an increased
Page 123 and 124: LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V
Page 125 and 126: for alternative sources of supply.
Page 127 and 128: BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
Page 129 and 130: supplement with glutamate (Iida et
Page 131 and 132: optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
Page 133 and 134: fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
Page 137 and 138: Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
Page 139 and 140: RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
Page 141 and 142: Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
Page 143 and 144: other strains of mice have differen
Page 145 and 146: dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
Page 147 and 148: The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
Page 149 and 150: enzyme and cells were maximized by
Page 151 and 152: of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
Page 153: Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
Page 157 and 158: MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
Page 159 and 160: without coating and coated with pec
Page 161 and 162: in Table 5-7. It was found that the
Page 165 and 166: the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
Page 167 and 168: incubation and reached the final pH
Page 169 and 170: y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
Page 171 and 172: during the stages of ripening as su
Page 175 and 176: As the 25 companies were divided in
Page 177 and 178: All the data comes up with informat
Page 179 and 180: as piece “A” or straight as pie
Page 181 and 182: et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
Page 183 and 184: p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
Page 185 and 186: c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
Page 187 and 188: algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
Page 189 and 190: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 389
Page 191 and 192: the maximum deviation of about 10%.
Page 193 and 194: Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
Page 195 and 196: which dynamically and automatically
Page 197 and 198: 2. Framework architecture and compo
Page 199 and 200: Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
Page 201 and 202: Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Page 203 and 204: Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
Page 205 and 206:
and discovery, resource selection a
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