April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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322 least 15 days (Chuchird and Limsuwan, 2005). It will then be less likely that the virus will be alive in the water and the farmers will have a greater chance of rearing a good harvest of shrimp. CONCLUSION Gross sign of TSV in P. monodon was characterized by black cuticular lesions and loose shell. Histologically, sub-cuticular lesions were characterized by large numbers of spherical Figure 5 Higher magnification of TSV lesion with numerous nuclear pyknosis (P) and karyorrhexis (K), (H&E). Figure 7 Microsporidians (arrows) infection in the hepatopancreas of TSV infected shrimp (H&E). Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) eosinophilic to densely basophilic inclusions and gave the tissue a kind of “buck-shot” appearance. Most moribund shrimp had dual infections with microsporidians in the hepatopancreas and/or gregarines in the gut. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) for financial support. Figure 6 Tissue section of cuticular epithelium with positive in situ hybridization reaction for TSV (arrows). Figure 8 Gregarine (arrow) in the gut of TSV infected shrimp (H&E).
LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V. Lightner. 1988. A Handbook of Normal Shrimp Histology. World Aquaculture Society. Bonami, J.R., K.W. Hasson, J. Mari, B.T. Poulos and D.V. Lightner. 1997. Taura syndrome of marine penaeid shrimp: characterization of the viral agent. J. Gen. Virol. 78: 313-319. Brock, J.A., R.B. Gose, D.V. Lightner and K.W. Hasson. 1997. Recent developments and an overview of Taura Syndrome of farmed shrimp in the Americas, pp. 267-283. In T. W. Flegel and I.H. MacRae, eds. Diseases in Asian Aquaculture III. Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. Chuchird, N. and C. Limsuwan. 2005. The viability of Taura syndrome virus on lowsalinity water. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 39: 406-410. Hasson, K.W., D.V. Lightner, B.T. Poulos, R.M. Redman, B.L. White, J.A. Brock and J.R. Bonami. 1995. Taura syndrome in Penaeus vannamei : Demonstration of a viral etiology. Dis. Aquat. Org. 23: 115-126. Jimenez, R. 1992. Syndrome de Taura (Resumen). Aqucultura del Ecuador 1: 1-16. Lightner, D.V. 1996. A Handbook of Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures for Diseases of Penaeid Shrimp.World Aquaculture Society. Lightner, D.V., R.M. Redman, B.T. Poulos, J.L. Mari, J.R. Bonami and M. Shariff. 1994. Distinction of HPV-type virus in Penaeus chinensis and Macrobrachium rosenbergii using a DNA probe. Asian Fisheries Science 7: 267-272. Lightner, D.V., R.M. Redman, K.W. Hasson and C.R. Pantoja. 1995. Taura syndrome in Penaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda): gross signs, histopathology and ultrastructure. Dis. Aquat. Org. 21: 53-59. Limsuwan, C. 2003. Diseases of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Thailand. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 323 AAHRI Newsletter 12(1): 1-4. Lotz, J.M. , A.M.Flowers and V. Breland. 2003. A model of Taura syndrome virus (TSV) epidemics in Litopenaeus vannamei. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 83: 168-176. Mari, J., J.R. Bonami and D.V. Lightner. 1998. Taura syndrome of penaeid shrimp:cloning of viral genome fragments and development of specific gene probes. Dis. Aquat. Org. 33: 11-17. Mari, J., B.T. Poulos, D.V. Lightner and J.R. Bonami. 2002. Shrimp Taura syndrome virus: genomic characterization and similarity with members of the genus Cricket paralysis-like viruses. J. Gen. Virol. 83: 915–26. Nielsen, L., W. Sang-oum , S. Cheevadhanarak and T.W. Flegel. 2005. Taura syndrome virus (TSV) in Thailand and its relationship to TSV in China and the Americas. Dis. Aquat. Org. 63(2-3): 101-106. Overstreet, R.M. 1973. Parasites of some penaeid shrimps with emphasis on reared hosts. Aquaculture 2: 105-140. Overstreet, R.M, D.V. Lightner, K.W. Hasson, S. McIIwain and J.M. Lotz. 1997. Susceptibility to TSV of some penaeid shrimps native to the Gulf of Mexico and Southeastern US. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 69: 165-176. Rosenbery, B. 1993. World Shrimp Farming 1993. Annual Report Shrimp News International. 52 p. Sindermann, C.J. 1990. Principle Diseases of Marine Fish and Shellfish, 2 nd ed. Academic Press. Sprague, V. and J.A. Couch. 1971. An annotated list of protozoan parasites, hyper-parasites and commensals of decapod Crustacea. J. Parasitol. 18: 526-573. Tu, C., H. Huang, S. Chuang, J. Hsu, S. Kuo, N. Li, T. Hsu, M. Li and S. Lin. 1999. Taura syndrome in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei culture in Taiwan. Dis. Aquat. Org. 38: 159-161.
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April - June 2007 Volume 41 Number
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
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harvesting time which started from
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y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
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pineapple fruit allowed the accumul
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 215
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Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
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Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
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difference of soil texture used in
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under wet soil condition planting.
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tropics. Following the expansion, w
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sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
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moisture content increment after so
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Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
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School, Kasetsart University. The a
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for combining ability of lines (Lam
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selective mass sibbing within indiv
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Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
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composite sets as used in this stud
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days. The numbers of calli producin
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the report of Ching (1982) showing
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clearly amplified bands generated b
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caused by either the recombination
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Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
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Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
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was collected and washed with 70% e
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expected size was amplified with 35
Page 71 and 72: eaction technique has been used for
Page 73 and 74: Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
Page 75 and 76: MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
Page 77 and 78: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 277
Page 79 and 80: calculated TF value calculated TF v
Page 81 and 82: sincere gratitude and deep apprecia
Page 83 and 84: 1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
Page 85 and 86: of all LLS samples in this study we
Page 87 and 88: Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goe
Page 89 and 90: considered responsible for low prod
Page 91 and 92: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 291
Page 93 and 94: mineral supplementation suggested b
Page 95 and 96: Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
Page 97 and 98: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
Page 99 and 100: SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
Page 101 and 102: genes covering a variety of desirab
Page 103 and 104: mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
Page 105 and 106: 5. Purification by various sucrose
Page 107 and 108: as the culture period increased. So
Page 109 and 110: culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
Page 111 and 112: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 311 -
Page 113 and 114: GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
Page 115 and 116: ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
Page 117 and 118: spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
Page 121: cells often displayed an increased
Page 125 and 126: for alternative sources of supply.
Page 127 and 128: BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
Page 129 and 130: supplement with glutamate (Iida et
Page 131 and 132: optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
Page 133 and 134: fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
Page 137 and 138: Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
Page 139 and 140: RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
Page 141 and 142: Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
Page 143 and 144: other strains of mice have differen
Page 145 and 146: dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
Page 147 and 148: The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
Page 149 and 150: enzyme and cells were maximized by
Page 151 and 152: of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
Page 153 and 154: Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
Page 155 and 156: Uchida, K. Tateishi, O. Shida and K
Page 157 and 158: MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
Page 159 and 160: without coating and coated with pec
Page 161 and 162: in Table 5-7. It was found that the
Page 165 and 166: the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
Page 167 and 168: incubation and reached the final pH
Page 169 and 170: y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
Page 171 and 172: during the stages of ripening as su
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As the 25 companies were divided in
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All the data comes up with informat
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as piece “A” or straight as pie
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et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
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p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
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c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
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algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
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the maximum deviation of about 10%.
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Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
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which dynamically and automatically
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2. Framework architecture and compo
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Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
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Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
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and discovery, resource selection a
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