April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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390 <strong>Kasetsart</strong> J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) Table 6 The quality of the rounded solutions for test problem set 3. No. LB of Algorithm 2 Pattern search Total costs Total costs Time % Dev. Total costs Time % Dev. (baht) (baht) (sec) from LB (baht) (sec) from LB 1 341.4262 349.9014 0.05 2.48 381.6719 0.532 11.79 2 698.4675 699.5436 0.00 0.15 698.7817 0.641 0.04 3 306.6030 313.5858 0.00 2.28 327.0063 0.469 6.65 4 782.9640 789.0657 0.00 0.78 791.1078 0.516 1.04 5 141.2319 145.3478 0.00 2.91 147.0369 0.625 4.11 6 248.9744 252.0126 0.00 1.22 250.6189 0.5 0.6 7 418.7751 418.7751 0.00 0.00 418.7751 0.313 0.00 8 870.7950 871.3350 0.00 0.06 871.3350 0.516 0.06 9 188.2021 189.3901 0.00 0.63 189.3901 0.563 0.63 10 607.2085 611.1003 0.02 0.64 618.0523 0.766 1.79 11 310.3231 317.2456 0.00 2.23 313.7932 0.578 1.12 12 767.5441 779.7637 0.00 1.59 775.4064 0.687 1.02 13 796.4144 811.3657 0.00 1.88 872.1025 0.765 9.50 14 216.6816 220.6952 0.00 1.85 226.5848 0.563 4.57 15 329.8299 331.9408 0.00 0.64 348.9675 0.453 5.80 Average 0.0047 1.29 0.5658 3.25 Table 7 The quality of the rounded solutions for test problem set 4. No. LB of Algorithm 2 Pattern search Total costs Total costs Time % Dev. Total costs Time % Dev. (baht) (baht) (sec) from LB (baht) (sec) from LB 1 781.7861 781.7861 0.05 0.00 937.4422 0.875 19.91 2 116.0982 128.7529 0.00 10.90 118.4608 1.125 2.04 3 250.6759 253.0172 0.00 0.93 276.9489 1.281 10.48 4 863.7852 866.8405 0.02 0.35 932.2620 0.844 7.93 5 416.318 425.6585 0.00 2.24 434.4976 1.282 4.37 6 769.3648 784.0514 0.00 1.91 775.9314 0.906 0.85 7 831.0751 834.5863 0.00 0.42 861.3861 0.875 3.65 8 732.6523 737.9136 0.00 0.72 769.4482 1.157 5.02 9 171.9773 180.0650 0.02 4.70 175.0647 0.765 1.80 10 356.2244 366.1220 0.00 2.78 359.5120 1.062 0.92 11 883.9080 883.9080 0.02 0.00 883.9080 0.39 0.00 12 197.3155 217.3515 0.00 10.15 206.1805 0.672 4.49 13 532.1986 533.0392 0.00 0.16 632.9300 0.703 18.93 14 905.1188 910.7604 0.00 0.62 921.6216 1.125 1.82 15 805.6426 807.9736 0.00 0.29 845.8867 0.781 5.00 Average 0.0073 2.41 0.9229 5.81
the maximum deviation of about 10%. The solving times were still less than 1 second for all test instances. The qualities of solutions and the computation times from Algorithm 2 and from pattern search seemed to be competitive, especially for the small-size test problems. The differences between the total costs found from Algorithm 2 and from pattern search were compared using the paired t-test and the signed rank test (Montgomery and Runger, 2004). The former was tested whether <strong>Kasetsart</strong> J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 391 or not the average of the differences in total costs equaled zero. The latter was a non-parametric hypothesis test on the median of the differences in total costs. Under the normality assumption of data, the paired t-test was more powerful than the signed rank test. However, the signed rank test was less sensitive to the outliers. Herein, the signed rank test was applied because the distributions of the total costs showed significant departures from normal distributions. The summary of the statistical tests was presented in Table 9. Table 8 The quality of the rounded solutions for test problem set 5. No. LB of Algorithm 2 Pattern search Total costs Total costs Time % Dev. Total costs Time % Dev. (baht) (baht) (sec) from LB (baht) (sec) from LB 1 335.2583 341.7339 0.05 1.93 338.9744 1.204 1.11 2 448.8165 457.5385 0.02 1.94 468.6784 1.078 4.43 3 241.1376 243.6205 0.00 1.03 243.0759 1.313 0.80 4 689.6022 692.9453 0.00 0.48 708.7569 1.641 2.78 5 977.388 980.5293 0.02 0.32 1010.1633 1.391 3.35 6 326.5053 328.5352 0.00 0.62 328.1805 1.078 0.51 7 750.4167 751.3261 0.00 0.12 751.2409 1.000 0.11 8 810.929 813.4720 0.00 0.31 858.0251 1.766 5.81 9 763.4033 764.7848 0.00 0.18 777.3780 1.250 1.83 10 1047.4942 1047.4942 0.02 0.00 1047.4942 1.734 0.00 11 964.0926 972.7866 0.00 0.90 1626.5400 1.532 68.71 12 600.9621 612.3057 0.00 1.89 685.6725 0.656 14.10 13 819.0913 820.9975 0.00 0.23 1098.4323 1.265 34.10 14 966.8934 968.9883 0.00 0.22 1042.7315 1.360 7.84 15 730.5132 730.5132 0.02 0.00 730.5132 1.172 0.00 Average 0.0087 0.68 1.2960 9.70 Table 9 The statistical results from the paired t-test and the signed rank test. Problem set Average of Median of p-value the difference the difference Paired t-test Signed rank test in total costs in total costs 1 3.9592 0.0000 0.3578 0.7109 2 1.9540 0.0000 0.7095 < 1.0000 3 8.6375 1.6891 0.3865 0.1180 4 27.9770 10.8612 0.0372* 0.0438* 5 79.2191 12.5932 0.0999 0.0287* * indicates a significant difference in total costs found from both methods
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April - June 2007 Volume 41 Number
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
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harvesting time which started from
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y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
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pineapple fruit allowed the accumul
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 215
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Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
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Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
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difference of soil texture used in
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under wet soil condition planting.
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tropics. Following the expansion, w
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sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
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moisture content increment after so
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Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
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School, Kasetsart University. The a
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for combining ability of lines (Lam
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selective mass sibbing within indiv
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Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
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composite sets as used in this stud
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days. The numbers of calli producin
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the report of Ching (1982) showing
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clearly amplified bands generated b
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caused by either the recombination
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Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
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Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
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was collected and washed with 70% e
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expected size was amplified with 35
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eaction technique has been used for
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Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
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calculated TF value calculated TF v
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sincere gratitude and deep apprecia
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1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
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of all LLS samples in this study we
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Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goe
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considered responsible for low prod
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mineral supplementation suggested b
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Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
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SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
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genes covering a variety of desirab
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mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
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5. Purification by various sucrose
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as the culture period increased. So
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culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
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GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
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ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
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spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
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cells often displayed an increased
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LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V
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for alternative sources of supply.
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BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
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supplement with glutamate (Iida et
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optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
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fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
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Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
Page 139 and 140: RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
Page 141 and 142: Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
Page 143 and 144: other strains of mice have differen
Page 145 and 146: dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
Page 147 and 148: The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
Page 149 and 150: enzyme and cells were maximized by
Page 151 and 152: of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
Page 153 and 154: Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
Page 155 and 156: Uchida, K. Tateishi, O. Shida and K
Page 157 and 158: MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
Page 159 and 160: without coating and coated with pec
Page 161 and 162: in Table 5-7. It was found that the
Page 163 and 164: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 363 -
Page 165 and 166: the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
Page 167 and 168: incubation and reached the final pH
Page 169 and 170: y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
Page 171 and 172: during the stages of ripening as su
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Page 175 and 176: As the 25 companies were divided in
Page 177 and 178: All the data comes up with informat
Page 179 and 180: as piece “A” or straight as pie
Page 181 and 182: et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
Page 183 and 184: p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
Page 185 and 186: c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
Page 187 and 188: algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
Page 189: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 389
Page 193 and 194: Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
Page 195 and 196: which dynamically and automatically
Page 197 and 198: 2. Framework architecture and compo
Page 199 and 200: Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
Page 201 and 202: Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Page 203 and 204: Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
Page 205 and 206: and discovery, resource selection a
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April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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