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280 calculated TF value 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 Measured TF values of 137 Cs for grass were observed to be 0.037 - 0.298 in the north, northeast, east, west, middle and south, with an average of 0.129 ± 0.053. These values were relatively high compared to the corresponding values (0.010 - 0.234 in the north, northeast, east, west, middle and south, with an average of 0.085 ± 0.048) predicted by the Absalom model. These calculated values differed significantly from the measured values. This is due to the differences in soil, the types of grass and the environmental conditions. In addition, soil management such as plough, cultivation method and fertilization, microbial process, root density, soil moisture and 137 Cs uptake may decrease with increasing 137 Cs-soil contact time after the deposition on soil (Bell et al., 1988; Kirk and Staunton, 1989; Noordijk et al., 1992; Ehlken and Kirchner, 2002; Rahman and Voigt, 2004). Simple statistical analysis (Williams and Leggett, 1984) showed that the agreement between model and measured values (Relative Euclidean Difference, RED) was 0.238, the value of the reliability index (k) was 0.661 and the geometrically intuitive reliability index (k g) was 1.97, which confirmed that the Absalom model was reasonably accurate. Calculated TF values by the Absalom model were in good agreement with <strong>Kasetsart</strong> J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 + -5 -3 [NH4 ] × 10 (mol dm ) Figure 6 Calculated TF values are shown as a function of NH 4 + concentration. The solid line is a curve fitted to the data in the graph. the measured ones. However, calculated TF values were found to be significantly different from the measured ones for some provinces. As a result, the parameters used in the Absalom model needed to be suitably modified to the characteristics of soils in Thailand. CONCLUSION In this work, the uptake of deposited 137 Cs has been predicted based on the soil properties, such as pH, clay content, organic matter content, exchangeable K + + and NH4 concentration valid for the tropical environment in Thailand, and using the Absalom model. It has been found that the calculated TF values differ significantly from the measured values for some provinces in Thailand, which implies that the soil properties in these provinces differ from those used in the Absalom model and they need to be measured practically in order to validate the model. Furthermore the parameters (k3, k4, k5, k6, kfast, kslow, Pslow and CECclay) could be re-evaluated for the tropical environment of Thailand. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express their
sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to Dr. Kanokrat Tiyapun at the Bureau of Technical Support for Safety Regulation, Office of Atom for Peace (OAP), Thailand, for her initiative idea and guidance for utilizing the Absalom model, and also fruitful discussions. For supporting data of 137 Cs activities in soil and grass, they would like to thank Mr. Thawatchai Itthipoonthanakorn at the Bureau of Technical Support for Safety Regulation, OAP. LITERATURE CITED Absalom, J.P., S.D. Young and N.M.J. Crout. 1995. Radiocaesium fixation dynamics: Measurement in six Cumbrian soils. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 46: 461-469. _____, _____, _____, A.F. Nisbet, R.F.M. Woodman, E. Smolders and A.G. Gillett. 1999. Predicting soil to plant transfer of radiocaesuim using soil characteristics. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33: 1218-1223. _____, _____, _____, A. Sanchez, S.M. Wright, E. Smolders, A.F. Nisbet and A.G. Gillett. 2001. Prediction the transfer of radiocaesium from organic soils to plant using soil characteristics. J. Environ. Radioact. 52: 31- 43. Bell, J.N.B., M.J. Minski and H.A. Grogan. 1988. Plant uptake of radionuclides. J. Soil Use Manage. 4 (3): 76-84. Cremers, A., A. Elsen and P. DePreter. 1988. Quantitative analysis of radiocaesium retention in soil. Nature 335: 247-249. Ehlken, S. and G. Kirchner. 2002. Environmental processes affecting plant root uptake of <strong>Kasetsart</strong> J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 281 radioactive trace elements and variability of transfer data: a review. J. Environ. Radioact. 58: 97-112. Eisenbud, M. 1973. Environmental Radioactivity. Academic Press, New York. p. 118-136. Itthipoonthanakorn, T., at the Bureau of Technical Support for Safety Regulation, Office of Atom for Peace (OAP). private communication. Kirk, G.L.D. and S. Staunton. 1989. On predicting the fate of radioactive caesium in soil beneath grassland. J. Soil Sci. 40: 71-84. LDD. 1988. Soil group database search. Land Development Department. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Available Source: http://www.ldd.go.th/dinthai/, October 9, 2005. Nelson, D.W. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter, p. 539-577. In A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and R. Keeney, (eds.). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin. Noordijk, H., K.E. Bergeijk, J. Lembrechts and M. Frissel. 1992. Impact of ageing and weather conditions on soil to plant transfer of radiocesium and radiostrontium. J. Environ. Radioact. 15: 277-286. Rahman, M.M. and G. Voigt. 2004. Radiocaesium soil to plant transfer in tropical environments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 71: 128-138. Williams, L.R. and R.W. Leggett. 1984. A measure of model reliability. Health Phys. 46 (1): 85- 95.
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April - June 2007 Volume 41 Number
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
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harvesting time which started from
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y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
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pineapple fruit allowed the accumul
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 215
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Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
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Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
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Page 29 and 30: difference of soil texture used in
Page 31 and 32: under wet soil condition planting.
Page 33 and 34: tropics. Following the expansion, w
Page 35 and 36: sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
Page 37 and 38: moisture content increment after so
Page 39 and 40: Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
Page 41 and 42: School, Kasetsart University. The a
Page 43 and 44: for combining ability of lines (Lam
Page 45 and 46: selective mass sibbing within indiv
Page 47 and 48: Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
Page 49 and 50: composite sets as used in this stud
Page 51 and 52: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 251 -
Page 53 and 54: days. The numbers of calli producin
Page 55 and 56: the report of Ching (1982) showing
Page 57 and 58: clearly amplified bands generated b
Page 59 and 60: caused by either the recombination
Page 61 and 62: Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
Page 63 and 64: Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
Page 65 and 66: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 265
Page 67 and 68: was collected and washed with 70% e
Page 69 and 70: expected size was amplified with 35
Page 71 and 72: eaction technique has been used for
Page 73 and 74: Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
Page 75 and 76: MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
Page 79: calculated TF value calculated TF v
Page 83 and 84: 1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
Page 85 and 86: of all LLS samples in this study we
Page 87 and 88: Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goe
Page 89 and 90: considered responsible for low prod
Page 93 and 94: mineral supplementation suggested b
Page 95 and 96: Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
Page 97 and 98: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
Page 99 and 100: SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
Page 101 and 102: genes covering a variety of desirab
Page 103 and 104: mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
Page 105 and 106: 5. Purification by various sucrose
Page 107 and 108: as the culture period increased. So
Page 109 and 110: culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
Page 113 and 114: GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
Page 115 and 116: ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
Page 117 and 118: spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
Page 121 and 122: cells often displayed an increased
Page 123 and 124: LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V
Page 125 and 126: for alternative sources of supply.
Page 127 and 128: BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
Page 129 and 130: supplement with glutamate (Iida et
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optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
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fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
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Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
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RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
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Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
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other strains of mice have differen
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dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
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The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
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enzyme and cells were maximized by
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of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
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Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
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Uchida, K. Tateishi, O. Shida and K
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MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
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without coating and coated with pec
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in Table 5-7. It was found that the
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the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
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incubation and reached the final pH
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y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
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during the stages of ripening as su
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As the 25 companies were divided in
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All the data comes up with informat
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as piece “A” or straight as pie
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et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
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p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
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c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
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algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
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the maximum deviation of about 10%.
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Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
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which dynamically and automatically
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2. Framework architecture and compo
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Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
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Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
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and discovery, resource selection a
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April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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