April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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228 tropics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sand germination and field emergence and flooded germination in predicting potential to field emergence under wet planting soil condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two varieties, namely Hawaiian Sugar Super Sweet and Super Sweet Argo Extra MT commercial corn seeds obtained from Songkhla Field Crop Research Center and a seed company were used as high quality seeds with germination of 86.50-91.00%. The seed samples having different germination percentage (74.50-79.50 and 53.50-66.00%) after accelerated aging at 42°C (AOSA, 2002) for 48 and 96 hours were used as medium and low quality seeds, respectively. All tests were done with four replications. Sand germination Fifty seeds per replication were subjected to germinate in 1,000 g sand in plastic basket at room temperature and were watered daily. First and final counts were done at 4 and 7 days after planting, respectively (AOSA, 2001). Normal seedlings were averaged as the germination percentage. Flooded germination test Fifty seeds per replication were subjected to germinate in 1,000 g of clay soil in plastic basket at room temperature. The planting baskets were placed in plastic trays and were flooded at 1 cm above soil level for 5 hours. After the end of flooding duration, the water was drained (the soil moisture content was still near to saturation after drainage) and the seeds were placed for further germinating. The germination percentage was evaluated 7 days after planting (Jittham, 2002). Field emergence under wet soil condition Fifty seeds per replication were planted Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) at a depth of 2.5 cm in clay soil of the experimental field of Division of Agricultural Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani. Irrigation was given daily for three times a day, morning, noon, and evening, to simulate wet planting field condition. Also in the each irrigation time, the soil was watered till wet. The normal seedlings were counted at 4 and 7 days after planting, respectively. Field emergence percentage was calculated using the same procedure as described in AOSA (2001). Analysis of variances for a completely randomized design among sand germination, field emergence, and flooded germination was performed. The statistical significance of differences among means was tested by Duncan , s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The relation between sand germination and field emergence were plotted as well as mathematical equations for predicting the field emergence which are also presented as polynomial. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Comparison of the sweet corn seed germination among sand, flooded condition, and wet field planting condition was undertaken (Table 1). The sweet corn seeds with 79.50-91.00% germination of Hawaiian Sugar Super Sweet and Super Sweet Argo Extra M.T. varieties had field emergence of 61-79%. The lower quality seeds had the field emergence of lower than 60%. Seeds of Hawaiian Sugar Super Sweet and Super Sweet Argo Extra MT varieties in sand test showed significant higher germination percentages than field emergence under wet planting field condition. The seeds germinated in soil in baskets under the flooded condition gave lower germination percentage than those in both sand test and under the field condition. This is not in agreement with the earlier report by Jittham (2002) that the flooded germination gave the same germination percentage as field emergence in rainy season planting. This is probably due to the
difference of soil texture used in the flooded germination test causing different results. The high amount of water holding after drainage in clay soil used in this study might cause more reduction of oxygen diffusion and become more compact during the germination period comparing to sandy Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 229 loam soil, and as a consequence sweet corn seed germinability dramatically reduced. Sand germination showed a significant correlation with field emergence both in Hawaiian Sugar Super Sweet corn (r=0.694*) (Figure 1) and Super Sweet Argo Extra MT corn (r=0.919**) Table 1 Germination of Hawaiian Sugar Super Sweet and Super Sweet Argo Extra MT corn seeds with three quality classes tested in sand, flooded condition and under wet field condition. Test methods and Germination (%) field conditions High Medium Low Hawaiian Sugar Super Sweet Sand 91.00 A 74.50 A 66.00 A Flooded condition 13.00 C 11.00 C 7.50 C Wet field condition 60.50 B 55.00 B 46.50 B F-test ** ** ** C.V.(%) 12.73 12.31 14.05 Super Sweet Argo Extra MT Sand 86.50 A 79.50 A 53.50 A Flooded condition 48.00 C 27.00 B 29.00 C Wet field condition 79.00 B 77.00 A 41.50 B F-test ** ** ** C.V.(%) 6.47 12.75 17.26 ** = significant at P
Page 1 and 2: April - June 2007 Volume 41 Number
Page 3 and 4: KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
Page 5 and 6: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
Page 7 and 8: harvesting time which started from
Page 9 and 10: y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
Page 11 and 12: pineapple fruit allowed the accumul
Page 15 and 16: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 215
Page 17 and 18: Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
Page 21 and 22: Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Page 25 and 26: CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
Page 27: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 227 -
Page 31 and 32: under wet soil condition planting.
Page 33 and 34: tropics. Following the expansion, w
Page 35 and 36: sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
Page 37 and 38: moisture content increment after so
Page 39 and 40: Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
Page 41 and 42: School, Kasetsart University. The a
Page 43 and 44: for combining ability of lines (Lam
Page 45 and 46: selective mass sibbing within indiv
Page 47 and 48: Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
Page 49 and 50: composite sets as used in this stud
Page 53 and 54: days. The numbers of calli producin
Page 55 and 56: the report of Ching (1982) showing
Page 57 and 58: clearly amplified bands generated b
Page 59 and 60: caused by either the recombination
Page 61 and 62: Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
Page 63 and 64: Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
Page 67 and 68: was collected and washed with 70% e
Page 69 and 70: expected size was amplified with 35
Page 71 and 72: eaction technique has been used for
Page 73 and 74: Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
Page 75 and 76: MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
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calculated TF value calculated TF v
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sincere gratitude and deep apprecia
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1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
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of all LLS samples in this study we
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Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goe
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considered responsible for low prod
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 291
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mineral supplementation suggested b
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Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
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SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
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genes covering a variety of desirab
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mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
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5. Purification by various sucrose
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as the culture period increased. So
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culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 311 -
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GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
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ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
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spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
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cells often displayed an increased
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LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V
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for alternative sources of supply.
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BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
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supplement with glutamate (Iida et
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optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
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fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
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Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
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RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
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Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
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other strains of mice have differen
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dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
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The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
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enzyme and cells were maximized by
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of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
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Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
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Uchida, K. Tateishi, O. Shida and K
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MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
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without coating and coated with pec
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in Table 5-7. It was found that the
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the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
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incubation and reached the final pH
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y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
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during the stages of ripening as su
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As the 25 companies were divided in
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All the data comes up with informat
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as piece “A” or straight as pie
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et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
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p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
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c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
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algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 389
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the maximum deviation of about 10%.
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Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
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which dynamically and automatically
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2. Framework architecture and compo
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Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
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Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
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and discovery, resource selection a
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April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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