April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 319 - 323 (2007) Taura Syndrome Virus Disease in Farm-Reared Penaeus monodon in Thailand ABSTRACT Chalor Limsuwan and Niti Chuchird* Taura syndrome virus (TSV) has caused major economic losses to shrimp aquaculture throughout the world. TSV has been reported to infect a number of penaeid species as hosts. In this study, we reported the natural infection of TSV in farm-reared Penaeus monodon from eastern provinces of Thailand between June to September 2004. There were different degrees of disease outbreak severity. In some cases large number of shrimp died and caused great losses to farmers. However, in most cases only small number of shrimp died and the farmers could control the situation enough to raise the majority to marketable size. Diseased shrimp varied in size from aged 40-50 days (4 g) to 20 g. Infected shrimp was characterized by black cuticular lesions and loose shell. Histopathological changes in infected shrimp showed multifocal to extensive areas of necrosis in the sub-cuticular epithelium, connective tissue and adjacent striated muscle. Affected cells often displayed an increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia, nuclear pyknotic and karyorrhexis. In situ hybridization tests gave positive results with the tissues of shrimp collected from the TSV outbreaks. In addition to TSV infection, most moribund shrimp also had dual infections with microsporidians in the hepatopancreas and/or gregarines in the gut. Key words: Taura syndrome virus, Penaeus monodon INTRODUCTION Taura syndrome was first recognized as a shrimp disease in farms near the mouth of the Taura river, Ecuador, in June 1992 (Jimenez, 1992; Rosenbery, 1993; Lightner et al., 1994). The infectious agent was named Taura syndrome virus or TSV in 1994 (Hasson et al., 1995; Lightner et al., 1995). TSV was first isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei and characterized as a non-enveloped, icosahedral particle, 31-32 nm in diameter, with a density of 1.338 g/ml in CsCl. Its genome consists of a linear, positive sense ssRNA molecule of approximately 10.2 kb and it is classified as a Picornavirus (Bonami et al., 1997; Brock et al., 1997). From nucleotide sequence data, TSV is more closely related to the cricket paralysis- like viruses (Mari et al., 2002). The occurrences of TSV outbreaks in L. vannamei include cultured shrimp stocks in Hawaii, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala and Mexico (Lightner 1996). The outbreaks were reported for P. stylirostris, P. setiferus and P. schmitti in Ecuador and Peru (Lightner et al., 1995; Brock et al., 1997). In Asia, TSV was first reported from Taiwan in 1999 (Tu et al., 1999). Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. * Corresponding author, e-mail: ffisntc@ku.ac.th Received date : 17/09/06 Accepted date : 25/12/06
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April - June 2007 Volume 41 Number
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 205 -
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harvesting time which started from
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y Chen and Paull (2000). Figure 1 a
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pineapple fruit allowed the accumul
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 215
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Cluster analysis Cluster analysis u
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Table 3 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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CONCLUSION AFLP markers classified
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difference of soil texture used in
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under wet soil condition planting.
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tropics. Following the expansion, w
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sealed in a plastic box with 1 cm w
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moisture content increment after so
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Frequency Frequency 30 20 10 0 20.0
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School, Kasetsart University. The a
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for combining ability of lines (Lam
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selective mass sibbing within indiv
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Although most of S 2-interfamily hy
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composite sets as used in this stud
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days. The numbers of calli producin
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the report of Ching (1982) showing
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clearly amplified bands generated b
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caused by either the recombination
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Kuhlmann, V. and B. Foroughi-Wehr.
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Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantif
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Page 67 and 68: was collected and washed with 70% e
Page 69 and 70: expected size was amplified with 35
Page 71 and 72: eaction technique has been used for
Page 73 and 74: Schaad, N.W., D. Opgenorth and P. G
Page 75 and 76: MATERIALS AND METHODS Model descrip
Page 77 and 78: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 277
Page 79 and 80: calculated TF value calculated TF v
Page 81 and 82: sincere gratitude and deep apprecia
Page 83 and 84: 1989). In monogastrics, the inclusi
Page 85 and 86: of all LLS samples in this study we
Page 87 and 88: Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. Goe
Page 89 and 90: considered responsible for low prod
Page 91 and 92: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41(2) 291
Page 93 and 94: mineral supplementation suggested b
Page 95 and 96: Body weight chane (kg/head) 32 30 2
Page 97 and 98: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION With
Page 99 and 100: SAS. (Statistical Analysis System).
Page 101 and 102: genes covering a variety of desirab
Page 103 and 104: mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l zeatin) incub
Page 105 and 106: 5. Purification by various sucrose
Page 107 and 108: as the culture period increased. So
Page 109 and 110: culture, pp. 1-20. In L.C. Fowke an
Page 111 and 112: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 311 -
Page 113 and 114: GC. Analytical methods Total carboh
Page 115 and 116: ash. The crude hot water polysaccha
Page 117: spirulan (H-SP), and a desulfated c
Page 121 and 122: cells often displayed an increased
Page 123 and 124: LITERATURE CITED Bell, T.A. and D.V
Page 125 and 126: for alternative sources of supply.
Page 127 and 128: BR2.1.2 formed the same clade with
Page 129 and 130: supplement with glutamate (Iida et
Page 131 and 132: optimal for S. limacinum BR2.1.2 fo
Page 133 and 134: fluorescent lamp at 1.5 kLux develo
Page 137 and 138: Wisconsin, USA). Total extracted RN
Page 139 and 140: RESULTS Cloning and sequencing of m
Page 141 and 142: Expression of rmIL-2 and purificati
Page 143 and 144: other strains of mice have differen
Page 145 and 146: dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes
Page 147 and 148: The chitosano-oligosaccharides are
Page 149 and 150: enzyme and cells were maximized by
Page 151 and 152: of crude chitosanases. Fortunately,
Page 153 and 154: Relative activity (%) 100 80 60 40
Page 155 and 156: Uchida, K. Tateishi, O. Shida and K
Page 157 and 158: MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials
Page 159 and 160: without coating and coated with pec
Page 161 and 162: in Table 5-7. It was found that the
Page 165 and 166: the cultures at 10,200 × g for 15
Page 167 and 168: incubation and reached the final pH
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y lysine- and tyrosine-decarboxylas
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during the stages of ripening as su
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As the 25 companies were divided in
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All the data comes up with informat
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as piece “A” or straight as pie
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et al. (1998); Zeng (2000); and Tal
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p 1, i * Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 4
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c ≤ c2 jq2 j n q p k p * 2, j , ,
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algorithm would consider RM 5, prio
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the maximum deviation of about 10%.
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Stock Quantities Using Heuristic Op
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which dynamically and automatically
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2. Framework architecture and compo
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Risk (VaR) calculation which was im
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Throughput (job/sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Speed up 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
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and discovery, resource selection a
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April - June 2007 - Kasetsart University

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