Nuclear Reset - Program on Strategic Stability Evaluation (POSSE)

330<strong>Nuclear</strong> <strong>Reset</strong>: Arms Reduction and NonproliferationThe key objective is to improve the effectiveness of the sanctionsregime and to ensure strict compliance. A satisfactory resolutionto the Iranian nuclear problem could be found by following a coursethat would allow Iran to retain the capacity for uranium enrichmentthat it has already achieved, in combination with extremely intrusiveverification by the IAEA.The Sanctions Regime Against North KoreaThe UN Security Council was late in responding compellinglyto North Korea’s violations of the NPT regime. 25 Pyongyang hadgiven notice of its withdrawal from the NPT in 2003; 26 by early2005, North Korean authorities announced that North Korea hada nuclear weapon. <strong>Nuclear</strong> weapons proliferation had become a reality,but the lack of consensus among the great powers in 2003prevented the UN Security Council from taking enforcement measuresagainst the proliferating state.The supporters of the NPT then attempted to achieve a shutdownof the North Korean nuclear weapons program by using the toolof diplomatic negotiation. A special negotiating mechanism, the Six-Party Talks, was established in 2003 with the participation of China,Japan, North Korea, Russia, South Korea, and the United States.However, the negotiations were not backed by sufficiently strongenforcement measures, and stalled. 27On July 5, 2006, Pyongyang carried out multiple ballistic missiletests, and on October 6, 2006, tested a nuclear explosive device. OnJuly 25, 2006, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1695,ordering North Korea to suspend all activities related to its ballisticmissile program and strongly urging North Korea to abandon allnuclear weapon development programs and return to the Six-PartyTalks, the NPT, and the IAEA safeguards.Following the North Korean test of a nuclear explosive device,the UN Security Council took new steps to bring Pyongyang backto the NPT regime. Resolution 1718, adopted unanimously on October14, 2006, 28 established a new sanctions regime for North Korea statingthat the actions of North Korea constituted “a clear threat to internationalpeace and security” and jeopardized peace, stability, andsecurity in the region and beyond. However, the reference to ChapterVII of the UN Charter was confined to Article 41, which stipulated