82Yasuo Kagawa, Shizu Higasa, Masaru Tsujimura et al.Nualart, F. (2008). Differential distribution <strong>of</strong> the Sodium-vitamin C cotransporter-1along the proximal tubule <strong>of</strong> the mouse and human kidney. Kidney Int., 74, 1278-1286.[45] Washko, P.W., Wang, Y. & Levine, M. (1993). Ascorbic acid recycling in humanneutrophils. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 15531-15535.[46] Kagawa, Y. & Takiguchi, H. (1962). Enzymatic studies on ascorbic acid catabolism inAnimals II. delactonization <strong>of</strong> dehydro-L-ascorbic acid. J. Biochem., 51, 197-203.[47] May, J. M. (2002). Recycling <strong>of</strong> vitamin C by mammalian thioredoxin reductase.Methods. Enzymol., 347, 327-332.[48] Whitbread, A.K., Tetlow, N., Eyre, H.J., Sutherland, G.J. & Board, P.G. (2003).Characterization <strong>of</strong> the human Omega class glutathione transferase genes andassociated polymorphisms. Pharmacogenetics, 13, 131-144.[49] Vethanayagam, J. G. G., Green, E. H., Rose, R. C. & Bode, A. M. (1999).Glutathione-dependent ascorbate recycling activity <strong>of</strong> rat serum albumin. Free Radic.Biol. Med., 26, 1591-1598[50] Fenech, M. (2007). Nutrition and genome health. Forum Nutr., 60, 49-65.[51] Fujita, T., Mandel, J.L., Shirasawa, T., Hino, O., Shirai, T. & Maruyama, N. (1995).Isolation <strong>of</strong> cDNA clone encoding human homologue <strong>of</strong> senescence marker protein-30(SMP30) and its location on the X chromosome. Biochim Biophys Acta., 1263, 249-252.[52] Fujita, T., Shirasawa, T., Uchida, K. & Maruyama, N. (1992). Isolation <strong>of</strong> cDNA cloneencoding rat senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) and its tissue distribution. BiochimBiophys Acta., 1132, 297-305.[53] Kawada, M., Takiguchi, H., Kagawa, Y., Suzuki, K. & Shimazono, N. (1962).Comparative studies on soluble lactonases. J. Biochem., 51, 405-415.[54] Chen, C.N., Chin, K.H., Wang, A.H. & Chou, S.H. (2008). The first crystal structure <strong>of</strong>gluconolactonase important in the glucose secondary metabolic pathways. J. Mol. Biol.,384, 604-614.[55] Kondo, Y., Inai, Y., Sato, Y., Handa, S., Kubo, S., Shimokado, K., Goto, S., Nishikimi,M., Maruyama, N. & Ishigami, A. (2006). Senescence marker protein 30 functions asgluconolactonase in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis, and its knockout mice are prone toscurvy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 103, 15723-15728.[56] Kondo, Y., Ishigami, A., Kubo, S., Handa, S., Gomi, K., Hirokawa, K., Kajiyama, N.,Chiba, T., Shimokado, K. & Maruyama, N. (2004). Senescence marker protein-30 is aunique enzyme that hydrolyzes diisopropyl phosphor<strong>of</strong>luoridate in the liver. FEBS.Lett., 570, 57-62.[57] Chiusolo, A., Defazio, R., Casartelli, A., Bocchini, N., Mongillo, M., Zanetti, E.,Crist<strong>of</strong>ori, P. & Trevisan, A. (2008). Regucalcin down-regulation in rat kidney tissueafter treatment with nephrotoxicants. Toxicol. Lett. 182, 84-90.[58] Kagawa, Y., Yanagisawa, Y., Hasegawa, K., Suzuki, H., Yasuda, K., Kudo, H., Abe,M., Matsuda, S., Ishikawa, Y., Tsuchiya, N., Sato, A., Umetsu, K. & Kagawa, Y.(2002). Single nucleotide polymorphism <strong>of</strong> thrifty genes for energy metabolism:evolutionary origins and prospects for intervention to prevent obesity-related diseases.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 295, 207-222.
Human Specific <strong>Vitamin</strong> C Metabolism… 83[59] Nakayama, K., Lkhagvasuren, M., Yanagisawa, Y., Utsumi, N., Kumada, M., Gotoh,T., Iwamoto, S. & Kagawa, Y. (2008). Comparative study <strong>of</strong> polymorphisms on genesassociated with lifestyle related diseases in Asian and Pacific Populations. Asia-PacificJ. Publ. Health, 20, Supplement, 173-179.[60] Yanagisawa, Y., Lkhagvasuren, M., Nakayama, K., Iwamoto, S., Charupoonphol, P.,Supannatas, S., Kuartei, S., Chimedregzen, U., Kawabata, T., Kaneko, Y., Watanabe,S., Sakuma, M., Komatsu, F., Hasegawa, K. & Kagawa, Y. (2008). Diversity in genesresponsible for lifestyle-related diseases in Asia-Pacific Region. Asia-Pacific J. Publ.Health, 20, Supplement, 257-261.[61] Linkswiler, H. (1957). The effect <strong>of</strong> the ingestion <strong>of</strong> ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbicacid upon the blood levels <strong>of</strong> these two components in human subjects. J. Nutr., 55, 48-54.[62] Oyanagi, Y. (1984). Reevaluation <strong>of</strong> assay methods and establishment <strong>of</strong> kit forsuperoxide dismutase activity. Anal. Biochem., 142, 290-296.[63] Tsujimura, M., Higasa, S. & Kasai, T. (1996). Quantitative determination <strong>of</strong> totalvitamin C in foods by HPLC using 2,4-dinitropyenylhydrazine as internal standard [inJapanese]. <strong>Vitamin</strong>s, 70, 241-248.[64] Kagawa, Y. & Shimazono, N. (1970). Catabolism <strong>of</strong> L-ascorbate in animal tissues.Methods in Enzymology, 18, 46-50.[65] Ministry <strong>of</strong> Health, Labor and Welfare <strong>of</strong> Japan, (2007). The national health andnutrition survey in Japan, 2004. (in Japanese) Daiichi Publishing Co., 1-326.[66] Garde, A. H., Hansen, A. M. & Kristiansen, J. (2003). Evaluation, including effects <strong>of</strong>storage and repeated freezing and thawing, <strong>of</strong> a method for measurement <strong>of</strong> urinarycreatinine. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 63, 521-524.[67] Kasashima, K., Ohta, E., Kagawa, Y. & Endo, H. (2006). Mitochondrial functions andestrogen receptor-dependent nuclear translocation <strong>of</strong> pleiotropic human prohibitin 2. J.Biol. Chem., 281, 36401-36410.[68] Levine, M., Conry-Cantilena, C., Wang, Y., Welch, R. W., Washko, P.W., Dhariwa,K.R., Park, J.B., Lazarev, A., Graumlich, J., King, J. & Cantilena, L.R. (1996). A newrecommended dietary allowance <strong>of</strong> vitamin C for healthy young women. Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA., 93, 3704–3709.[69] Wilson, J.X. (2002). The physiological role <strong>of</strong> dehydroascorbic acid. FEBS Lett., 527,5-9.[70] Tsujimura, M., Watanabe, S., Michinaka, K., Tokuhisa, S. & Fujita, A. (1972).Metabolism <strong>of</strong> ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in man (in Japanese). <strong>Vitamin</strong>s,45, 136-147.[71] Ogiri, Y., Sun, F., Hayami, S., Fujimura, A., Yamamoto, K., Yaita, M., & Kojo, S.(2002). Very low vitamin C activity <strong>of</strong> orally administered L-dehydroascorbic acid. J.Agric. Food Chem., 50, 227-229.[72] Tan, X., Grollman, A.P. & Shibutani, S. (1999). Comparison <strong>of</strong> the mutagenicproperties <strong>of</strong> 8-oxo- 7,8- dihydro-2‘-deoxyadenosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2‘-deoxyguanosine DNA lesions in mammalian cells. Carcinogenesis, 20, 2287-2292.[73] Dawson, B, Henry, G.J., Goodman, C., Gillam, I., Beilby, J.R., Ching, S., Fabian, V.,Dasig, D., Morling, P. & Kakulus, B.A. (2002). Effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vitamin</strong> C and E
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186Magdalena Stevanović and Dragan
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210Magdalena Stevanović and Dragan
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262Alan M. Preston, Luis Vázquez Q
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264Alan M. Preston, Luis Vázquez Q
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266Alan M. Preston, Luis Vázquez Q
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270Alan M. Preston, Luis Vázquez Q
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272Alan M. Preston, Luis Vázquez Q
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276Alan M. Preston, Luis Vázquez Q
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278Alan M. Preston, Luis Vázquez Q
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300Mustafa NazıroğluKeywords: Vit
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302Mustafa NazıroğluNO is synthes
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304Mustafa Nazıroğlu‗recycling
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306Mustafa Nazıroğluagents, such
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308Mustafa NazıroğluFuture Direct
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310Mustafa Nazıroğlu[21] Basu, TK
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312Mustafa Nazıroğlu[59] Cengiz M
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314Samar Al Sayegh Petkovšek and B
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316Samar Al Sayegh Petkovšek and B
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318Samar Al Sayegh Petkovšek and B
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324Samar Al Sayegh Petkovšek and B
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326Samar Al Sayegh Petkovšek and B
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328Samar Al Sayegh Petkovšek and B
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330Antonio J. López-Farré, José
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332Antonio J. López-Farré, José
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334Antonio J. López-Farré, José
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336Antonio J. López-Farré, José
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338Antonio J. López-Farré, José
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340Antonio J. López-Farré, José
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Vitamin C Intake by Japanese Patien
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Vitamin C Intake by Japanese Patien
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In: Handbook of Vitamin C Research
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Reciprocal Effects of Ascorbate on
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Reciprocal Effects of Ascorbate on
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Reciprocal Effects of Ascorbate on
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378Akihito Ishigamicontrols (12,13)
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380Akihito IshigamiFigure 3. Vitami
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382Akihito IshigamiFuture of the SM
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The Importance of Food Processing o
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IndexAA , 249abdominal cramps, 243a
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Index 391atherosclerotic plaque, 23
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Index 393catalase, 6, 13, 169, 181,
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Index 395cyclooxygenase-2, 337, 341
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Index 397endometrium, 286, 294endon
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Index 401hyperglycaemia, 223hypergl
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Index 403kinetics, 71, 120, 124, 14
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Index 405metastases, 182metastasis,
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Index 407nitrate, 14, 88, 179, 234,
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Index 409phosphodiesterase, 344, 35
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Index 411recovery, vii, 1, 5, 7, 8,
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Index 415UV, 156, 191, 201, 204, 22