Handbook of Vitamin C Research

Vitamin C as a Stress Bioindicator of Norway Spruce 325early-warning tool to detect changes in the metabolism of spruce needles, although we founduntypical reaction of antioxidant defence in the case of extremely high SO 2 exposure. (b)Metabolic processes in spruce needles react to air pollution according to severity of pollutionand the time of exposure. However, if spruce trees were exposed to high SO 2 ambient levelsand/or for a long period of time, the antioxidant defence mechanism would be damaged andthe content of vitamin C would not increase as expected. (c) Lower exposure to ambientpollution results in better vitality of trees (e.g. higher contents of total (a + b) chlorophyll), aswell as in rising of their defence capabilities (higher contents of vitamin C). (d) Physiologicalcondition of Norway spruce in northern Slovenia has significantly improved since 1995,when the desulphurization devices were built on the ŠTPP, and when emissions of SO 2 aswell as heavy metals started dramatically and continuously decreasing in this part ofSlovenia.References[1] Al Sayegh Petkovšek, S., Batič, F. & Ribarič Lasnik, C. (2008). Norway spruce needlesas bioindicator of air pollution in the area influence of the Šoštanj thermal power plant,Slovenia. Environmental pollution, 151, 287-291.[2] Al Sayegh Petkovšek, S., Pokorny, B., Ribarič Lasnik, C., Vrtačnik, J. (2002).Vsebnost Cd, Pb, Hg in As v trosnjakih gliv iz gozdnate krajine Šaleške doline.Zbornik gozdarstva in lesarstva, 67, 5-46.[3] Anonymous (1987). Manual and methodologies and criteria for harmonized sampling,assessment, monitoring and analyses of the effect of air pollution on forests. ECE/NEPfor Europe. Geneva.[4] Batič, F., Kalan, P., Kraigher, H., Šircelj, H., Simončič, P., Vidergar-Gorjup, N. &Turk, B., (1999). Bioindication of different stresses in forest decline studies inSlovenia. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 116, 377-382.[5] Batič, F., Vidergar-Gorjup, N., Šircelj, H., Simončič, P. & Turk, B. (2001). Theanalyses of photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid and macronutrients – a tool forevaluation of the effect of air pollution in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.).Journal of Forest Science 47, 39-48.[6] Bermadinger, E., Guttenberger, H. & Grill, D. (1990). Physiology of young Norwayspruce. Environmental Pollution, 68, 319-330.[7] Bui-Nguyen, H. M. (1980). Application of high-performance liquid chromatography tothe separation of ascorbic acid to the isoascorbic acid. Journal of Chromatography,196, 163-165.[8] Burmandiger-Stabentheiner, E. (1995). Stress-Physiological Investigation on SpruceTrees (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from the ―Achenkirch Altitude Profiles‖. Phyton, 29,255-301.[9] Bytnerowitz, A., Badea, O., Popescu, F., Musselman, R., Tanase, M., Barbu, I.,Fraczek, W., Gembasu, N., Surdu, A., Danescu, F., Postelnicu, D., Cenusa, R. &