Handbook of Vitamin C Research

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414IndexT-lymphocytes, 294TNF, 225, 286TNF-α, 286tobacco, vii, xiii, 261, 262, 263, 271, 272, 273, 274,275, 276, 277, 278, 356tobacco smoke, xiii, 261, 262, 271, 272, 275, 276,277, 278tocopherols, 6, 13tocotrienols, 304Tokyo, 54, 365tomato, xii, 2, 171, 190, 237, 238, 352, 358Topiramate, 310total cholesterol, 57total energy, 266, 267total plasma, 292toxic, x, xii, xiv, xv, 52, 72, 90, 91, 116, 121, 122,128, 131, 134, 153, 157, 237, 241, 248, 284, 285,286, 287, 313, 329, 331, 332, 344toxic effect, 52, 72, 122, 157, 248, 286, 287, 331toxic metals, xv, 329toxic substances, xiv, 313toxicities, 241toxicology, 119, 338toxins, xi, 129, 185trace elements, 128, 143, 340trachea, 221traits, 50, 67, 75transcript, 175transcription factor, 18, 30, 33, 65, 241transduction, 370, 374transfection, 203, 220transfer, xii, 9, 10, 72, 73, 74, 214, 221, 239, 251,301transferrin, 4, 11, 16, 156, 208, 249transformation, 215, 222transforming growth factor (TGF), xvi, 367, 369,370, 371, 372, 373, 374transgenic, 85, 282transition metal, x, xii, 4, 5, 11, 13, 15, 27, 29, 74,153, 157, 166, 167, 171, 177, 237, 238, 243, 249,301, 304, 309transition metal ions, x, 5, 153, 157, 243, 301translocation, 66, 83, 225, 353, 370transmembrane, 66, 219, 220, 221, 229, 254, 370trans-membrane, 72transplant, 250transport processes, 222traps, 11, 240trauma, 8, 11, 19, 225trichloroacetic acid, 93, 96triggers, 10, 81, 120, 282, 370triglycerides, 249, 295trophoblast, 228, 253, 258, 287, 288Trp, 120tubular, ix, 46, 47, 51, 65, 67, 148, 221, 222, 248,331, 338tumor cells, 116, 150, 169, 181, 205tumor growth, 169, 181, 182, 368, 369, 373tumor invasion, 373, 375tumor metastasis, 369tumor necrosis factor, 294, 383tumor progression, 178, 182tumorigenic, 142tumors, 68, 137, 167, 178, 368, 369, 370, 371tumour, 177, 182, 206tumour growth, 177, 182tumours, xi, 89, 154, 190Turkey, 299turnover, 52, 63, 72, 82, 129, 214, 231, 244type 1 diabetes, 39, 136type 2 diabetes, 135, 148, 149, 351, 352type 2 diabetes mellitus, 149tyrosine, 3, 34, 128, 240, 297UU.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, 257ubiquitin, 18UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, 228UGT, 70ultrasound, 346, 386, 387ultraviolet, 320, 372, 375underlying mechanisms, 170UNICEF, 56uniform, 51, 76, 78, 199United States, 2, 123, 148, 177, 205, 206, 207, 242,263, 278, 333university students, 52, 54urea, 57urea nitrogen, 57uric acid, viii, 6, 9, 13, 46, 48, 50, 60, 65, 76, 77, 80,131, 285, 290, 362uric acid levels, viii, 46, 48urinary bladder, 369, 373urinary oxalate, 131, 145, 204, 222urine, ix, 12, 13, 46, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60,65, 67, 69, 76, 78, 166, 222, 225, 231, 241, 244,264, 273, 278, 303, 340urokinase, 375US Department <strong>of</strong> Health and Human Services, 276USDA, 123, 142, 245, 246, 248, 257, 272
Index 415UV, 156, 191, 201, 204, 221, 225, 235, 301, 327,371UV light, 156, 191UV radiation, 221UV-radiation, 204Vvalidity, 358valproic acid, 306, 307, 312variability, 21, 26, 27, 142variables, 24, 149, 192, 198, 201, 204, 208, 273, 358variance, 55variant angina, 146, 256variation, 50, 116vascular disease, 139vascular diseases, 139vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 292, 369vascular system, xv, 186, 329vascular wall, xv, 329, 333, 335, 337, 340vasoconstriction, 133, 288, 333vasoconstrictor, 17, 347vasodilatation, 135, 333, 344, 345, 346, 347, 349,350, 351vasodilation, 17, 39, 132, 146, 147, 243, 256, 346,351, 352, 353vasodilator, 3, 133, 346, 347, 350vasomotor, 133, 146, 243, 352VCAM, 139, 140vector, 71, 75vegetation, 315vein, 348venipuncture, 264verapamil, 346vertebrates, 215vesicles, 196vessels, xii, 128, 132, 146, 169, 237, 238, 340, 346,350vincristine, 182, 368vinegar, 357VIP, 296viral infection, xii, 230, 237virus, xi, 185, 255viruses, 138viscosity, 193vitamin A, 16, 57, 79, 145, 164, 165, 197, 291, 357,365vitamin B1, 132, 197, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258vitamin B12, 132, 197, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258vitamin B12 deficiency, 250, 251vitamin B6, 251vitamin D, 204vitamin K, 181, 197, 368vitamin supplementation, 40, 142, 173Wwater-soluble, vii, ix, xi, xii, xiv, 2, 46, 74, 136, 185,186, 187, 188, 192, 193, 194, 197, 204, 208, 222,237, 239, 243, 253, 300, 303, 304, 314, 336weight loss, 142Weinberg, 56well-being, 188, 253wells, 95, 96, 99Western countries, 330wheat germ, 369white blood cells, 53, 128, 176, 186, 224whole grain, viii, 2, 32wild type, xvii, 75, 377, 378, 379, 380World Health Organization (WHO), 50, 175, 196,356, 364, 365wound healing, 138, 186, 191, 238, 239, 373X chromosome, 82xenobiotics, viii, 45, 48, 49, 51, 52, 63, 64, 68, 72,76, 77, 78, 232xenografts, 206, 255, 257, 368, 373X-ray crystallography, ix, 46, 71, 77Y chromosome, 293yeast, 122, 162, 169yield, 11, 199, 201young adults, 32, 152, 244, 350young men, 36young women, ix, 46, 60, 76, 78, 79, 83, 144, 207zeta potential, 195, 196zinc (Zn), 15, 195, 198, 236, 274, 285, 315, 338zinc oxide, 195, 198XYZ
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ContentsPrefaceChapter IChapter IIC
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PrefaceThe 6-carbon lactone known a
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Prefaceixbalance of antioxidant and
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Prefacexiprovided or is contradicto
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PrefacexiiiChapter IX - Background:
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Prefacexvdetoxification defence sys
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Human Specific Vitamin C Metabolism
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88Ana I. Haza, Almudena García and
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90Figure 1.Ana I. Haza, Almudena Ga
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94Figure 3.Ana I. Haza, Almudena Ga
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Vitamin C: Dietary Requirements, Di
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Oxidative DamageVitamin C: Dietary
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Pro-Oxidant vs. Antioxidant Effects
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186Magdalena Stevanović and Dragan
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Molecular Bases of the Cellular Han
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Vitamin C: Daily Requirements, Diet
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262Alan M. Preston, Luis Vázquez Q
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Percent of Study Group Selecting Di
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The Role of Vitamin C in Human Repr
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300Mustafa NazıroğluKeywords: Vit
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302Mustafa NazıroğluNO is synthes
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304Mustafa Nazıroğlu‗recycling
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306Mustafa Nazıroğluagents, such
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308Mustafa NazıroğluFuture Direct
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310Mustafa Nazıroğlu[21] Basu, TK
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312Mustafa Nazıroğlu[59] Cengiz M
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314Samar Al Sayegh Petkovšek and B
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(mgg -1 )320Samar Al Sayegh Petkov
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330Antonio J. López-Farré, José
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Vitamin C in the Treatment of Endot
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Page 383 and 384: Vitamin C Intake by Japanese Patien
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Page 389 and 390: Reciprocal Effects of Ascorbate on
Page 395: Reciprocal Effects of Ascorbate on
Page 398 and 399: 378Akihito Ishigamicontrols (12,13)
Page 400 and 401: 380Akihito IshigamiFigure 3. Vitami
Page 402 and 403: 382Akihito IshigamiFuture of the SM
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Page 409 and 410: IndexAA , 249abdominal cramps, 243a
Page 411 and 412: Index 391atherosclerotic plaque, 23
Page 413 and 414: Index 393catalase, 6, 13, 169, 181,
Page 415 and 416: Index 395cyclooxygenase-2, 337, 341
Page 417 and 418: Index 397endometrium, 286, 294endon
Page 419 and 420: Index 399GCS, 18gel, x, 87, 92, 121
Page 421 and 422: Index 401hyperglycaemia, 223hypergl
Page 423 and 424: Index 403kinetics, 71, 120, 124, 14
Page 425 and 426: Index 405metastases, 182metastasis,
Page 427 and 428: Index 407nitrate, 14, 88, 179, 234,
Page 429 and 430: Index 409phosphodiesterase, 344, 35
Page 431 and 432: Index 411recovery, vii, 1, 5, 7, 8,
Page 433: Index 413steady state, 63, 76, 78st
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