Handbook of Vitamin C Research

Vitamin C Intake by Japanese Patients… 361Table 2 compares the habitual intake of vitamin C from vegetables, fruits and other foodsbetween case and control groups. The COPD patients had significantly lower daily intake ofvitamin C from vegetables (p < 0.001) than controls whereas their mean intakes from fruitsand other sources were similar. Overall, the total daily dietary vitamin C intake by COPDpatients (mean 137.86, SD 84.56 mg) was significantly less than their counterparts withoutthe disease (mean 156.80, SD 112.54 mg), p = 0.021.Table 2. Comparison of habitual vitamin C intake (mg/day)between COPD patients and controlsFood itemCOPD patientsMean (SD) mg/dayControlsMean (SD) mg/dayt-testp valueTotal Vegetables 49.42 (30.29) 62.53 (45.27) 0.000Carrot 0.75 (0.87) 1.04 (1.18) 0.000Spinach 9.34 (9.84) 11.05 (11.93) 0.057Pumpkin 3.11 (3.79) 4.70 (5.23) 0.000Cabbage 5.06 (5.09) 6.69 (7.88) 0.002Chinese radish 3.13 (2.91) 3.36 (2.90) 0.324Sweet pepper 4.80 (6.41) 6.85 (7.76) 0.000Tomato 5.97 (6.12) 6.65 (5.93) 0.162Chinese chive 0.33 (0.55) 0.47 (0.69) 0.009Broccoli 10.10 (15.66) 7.31 (10.55) 0.011Onion 1.47 (1.59) 1.60 (1.60) 0.323Cucumber 1.36 (1.58) 1.98 (2.27) 0.000Chinese cabbage 1.89 (1.82) 2.21 (2.34) 0.066Bean sprout 0.47 (0.60) 0.55 (0.55) 0.066Snap bean 0.27 (0.54) 0.33 (0.78) 0.255Lettuce 0.16 (0.21) 0.22 (0.25) 0.005Sweet potato 1.20 (2.70) 1.61 (4.17) 0.161Potato 2.80 (3.05) 3.14 (2.89) 0.156Total Fruits 70.90 (63.48) 78.66 (75.03) 0.172Mandarin orange 25.15 (32.57) 30.27 (36.54) 0.070Apple 0.64 (1.02) 0.94 (1.77) 0.009Persimmon 27.56 (34.05) 27.50 (34.28) 0.983Strawberries 11.34 (17.78) 12.23 (16.31) 0.518Grapes 0.63 (1.01) 0.86 (1.24) 0.012Melon 0.77 (2.14) 0.82 (1.58) 0.755Watermelon 1.14 (1.88) 1.71 (3.68) 0.013Peach 0.87 (1.65) 1.33 (2.43) 0.006Pear 0.56 (0.88) 0.55 (0.80) 0.898Banana 2.24 (2.85) 2.45 (2.60) 0.325Other sources 17.54 (17.81) 15.61 (15.97) 0.156Meat 0.79 (0.64) 0.76 (0.58) 0.502Processed meat 1.55 (2.35) 1.57 (2.08) 0.913Fish 0.24 (0.24) 0.26 (0.30) 0.252Sea foods 0.11 (0.12) 0.12 (0.14) 0.363Pickles 14.16 (17.35) 12.11 (15.62) 0.128Seaweeds 0.68 (0.70) 0.77 (0.69) 0.096Total intake 137.86 (84.56) 156.80 (112.54) 0.021