The world according to Monsanto : pollution, corruption, and

notes to pages 217–223 34939. The Guardian, October 8, 2003.40. Soil Association, Seeds of Doubt, 47.41. “Firms Move to Avoid Risk of Contamination,” The Times (London),May 29, 2000.42. Kempf, “Le trouble d’une plaine du Saskatchewan.”43. www.patentstorm.us/patents/6239072/claims.html.44. Soil Association, Seeds of Doubt, 24; see also “Monsanto Sees Opportunity inGlyphosate Resistant Volunteer Weeds,” CropChoice News, August 3, 2001.45. Science and The Independent, October 10, 2003.46. “Introducing Roundup Ready Soybeans: The Seeds of Revolution,” undateddocument in author’s possession.47. Monsanto, Pledge Report, 2005, 18.48. Charles Benbrook, “Genetic Engineered Crops and Pesticide Use in theUnited States: The First Nine Years,” October 2004, www.biotech-info.net/Full_version_first_nine.pdf.49. Ag BioTech InfoNet Technical Paper no. 4, May 3, 2001.50. Ibid. A 1998 Monsanto document claimed that “herbicide use was on averagelower in Roundup Ready soybean fields than in other fields” (“The RoundupReady Soybean System: Sustainability and Herbicide Use,” Monsanto, April 1998).51. According to the Los Angeles Times of July 1, 2001, Roundup was used on 20percent of American crops in 1995 and on 62 percent four years later.52. Benbrook, “Genetically Engineered Crops and Pesticide Use in the UnitedStates,” 7.53. Indianapolis Star, February 20, 2001.54. www.mindfully.org/GE/GE4/Glyphosate-Resistant-SyngentaDec02.htm.55. Charles Benbrook, “Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology,” February 4,2002, http://pewagbiotech.org/events/0204/benbrook.php3.56. “Introducing Roundup Ready Soybeans: The Seeds of Revolution.”57. Roger Elmore et al., “Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean Cultivar Yields Comparedwith Sister Lines,” Agronomy Journal 93 (2001): 408–12.58. Charles Benbrook, “Evidence of the Magnitude and Consequences of theRoundup Ready Soybean Yield Drag from University-Based Varietal Trials in 1998,”Ag BioTech InfoNet Technical Paper no. 1, July 13, 1999, www.biotech-info.net/RR_yield_drag_98.pdf.59. C. Andy King, Larry C. Purcell, and Earl D. Vories, “Plant Growth and NitrogenaseActivity of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybeans in Response to Foliar GlyphosateApplication,” Agronomy Journal 93, no. 1 (January 2001): 179–86.60. Benbrook, “Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology.”61. Andy Coghlan, “Splitting Headache: Monsanto’s Modified Soybeans AreCracking Up in the Heat,” New Scientist, November 20, 1999.62. Michael Duffy, “Who Benefits from Biotechnology?” Considered a standardreference, this paper was presented to the meeting of the American Seed Trade As-