The world according to Monsanto : pollution, corruption, and

INDEX 371T.H. Agriculture & Nutrition, 44Then, Christoph, 20335S promoter gene, 137, 140, 180, 246Thomas, Charles, 38–39Thomas, Clarence, 163, 211Thomas, John, 168Thompson, Tommy, 163Thompson Chemicals, 44TIAA-CREF, 318–20Tillamook County Creamery Association, 111Times Beach, Missouri, 30–35Times of India, 301–2Tiwari, Kishor, 291–93Tokar, Brian, 38Tolbert v. Monsanto, 27–28tomatoes, transgenic, 148–49, 157, 169Tominack, Rebecca, 191Toronto Star, 227Torres, Leoncio, 285Toxic Substances Control Act, 56Tracy, Alan, 228transgenic agriculture and the world’s food, 4,243–317; India and Bt cotton, 290–306;the second “green revolution,” 295,307–8, 310–11; and seed patents/patentlaw, 310–13; and the Southern Cone(Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina), 273–89; andtransgenic contamination, 243–55transgenic crops: and Bt gene, 191, 193–94,230, 246, 304; canola, 207, 214, 216–18,219, 236–39; corn, 157, 223, 229–34,243–55, 304–5, 322–25; and crop contamination,207, 213–18, 219, 227, 236–39,243–55, 327–28; differences betweeninserted proteins and original proteins, 158,234; and gene insertion, 140–41, 158,180–81, 222, 230, 253; and insect resistance,218–21, 295, 303–6, 322; andlectins, 179–80, 182–83, 191; and loweryields, 221–23, 260; potatoes, 179–87,232–33; price declines and economicdisasters, 223–24, 265; and “refuges,”304–6; and regulation, 232–34; seedsmuggling, 276–77; and StarLink debacle,232–35; tomatoes, 148–49, 157, 169;toxicology studies, 148–49, 157, 171–77,179–87, 233, 326–27; weed resistance andincreased herbicide use, 218–21, 263–65;wheat, 225–39. See also patents andGMOs; Roundup Ready soybeanstransgenic hormones. See bovine growthhormone (rBGH)Trewavas, Anthony, 249TRIPS (Trade Related Aspects of IntellectualProperty Rights) agreement, 311, 314–17;Article 27, paragraph 3(b) and patentsissue, 315–16Trouton, Shannon, 321Troyer, James, 36Trucco, Victor, 263Trust Us, We’re Experts (Rampton and Stauber),76L-tryptophan, 149–52Tu Du Hospital (Ho Chi Minh City), 642,4-D (herbicide), 3, 36, 40, 41–42, 61, 86,218, 2642,4,5-T (herbicide), 3, 31, 35–45; as chemicalweapon, 37–39, 40, 41–42, 44–45; anddioxin, 31, 35–45, 50–51, 60–612,3,7,8-TCDD, 35, 45, 52. See also dioxinUFC-Que Choisir, 74–75U.K. Agricultural Research Council, 40UN Convention on Biodiversity (Río deJaneiro, 1992), 197, 276, 317UN Economic and Social Council, 87UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion andProtection of Human Rights, 317Unilever England, 184, 195, 321Union Carbide and Bhopal tragedy, 311Union of Concerned Scientists, 230Union of Industrial and Employers’ Confederationsof Europe (UNICE), 314Union of Organizations of the Sierra Juarez ofOaxaca, 253Uniroyal, 44Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 79, 82University of Aberdeen, 185University of Arkansas, 222University of Bergen, Norway, 174University of Buenos Aires, 259University of Caen, 83, 85, 325University of California, 328University of California, Davis, Department ofMolecular Biology, 202, 252University of Delaware, 221University of Florida, 118University of Illinois at Chicago, 94University of Iowa, 221, 231University of Manitoba, 216, 238University of Nebraska, 221University of Pittsburgh, 86University of Quebec, 313, 314University of Reading, 219University of Saskatchewan, 79University of Sussex, 102, 170University of Urbino, 176University of Vermont, 91, 102University of Washington, 247University of Wisconsin, 110“Uphoria” team of Monsanto researchers,135–39Upjohn, 28, 90, 200UPOV agreements (Union for the Protectionof New Varieties of Plants), 202, 316Urban, Tom, 193U.S. Agency for International Development(USAID), 249, 308