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Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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79Evaluation of divergence of agronomic andnutritional traits in quality protein maizeF.A. Showemimo, S.G. Ado and S.O. AlabiDepartment of Plant Science, Institute <strong>for</strong> Agricultural Research, Samaru; AhmaduBello University, Zaria, NigeriaAbstractIn a three-year study (2000 to 2002), genetic diversity <strong>for</strong> 12 traitsamong 63 Quality Protein <strong>Maize</strong> (QPM) lines was evaluated usingmultivariate analysis (D 2 statistic). The QPM lines were grouped into11 clusters. Inter-cluster D 2 values ranged from 61.2 (between clustersI and VI) to 511.7 (between clusters V and IX). Plant height, days tophysiological maturity, grain yield, days to silk and protein contenttogether accounted <strong>for</strong> over 70% of the genetic diversity among theQPM lines. Ten QPM lines were identifi ed from three clusters <strong>for</strong>improvement and hybridization.RésuméLa diversité génétique a été évaluée entre 63 génotypes de maïsriches en protéines de qualité pour 12 caractères pendant trois années(2000 2001 et 2002) en utilisant l’analyse multivariée (D 2 statistique).Les lignées QPM ont été regroupées en 11 groupes. Les valeur intergroupeD 2 variaient entre 61,2 (entre groupe I et IV) et 511,7 (entregroupe V et IX). La hauteur des plants, le nombre de jours à la maturitéphysiologique, le nombre de jours à la fl oraison femelle, la teneur enprotéines et le rendement grain sont intervenus pour plus de 70%dans la diversité génétique entre les génotypes riche en protéines dequalité. Dix lignées QPM ont été identifi ées à partir de trois groupespour l’amélioration et l’hybridization.Introduction<strong>Maize</strong> (Zea mays L) is an important staple crop in Africa, especially inthe countries of West and Central Africa (WCA) where its importancein the food basket has been on the increase during the last twodecades. About 26 million t of maize is produced annually in Africaon about 20 million ha of land (Byerlee and Eicher 1997). In Nigeria,maize is grown in all the agro-ecological zones except in the swampand mangrove <strong>for</strong>ests. In the northern parts of the country where therainy season is relatively short, it is cultivated under both rainfed andirrigated conditions.

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