Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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255could take place without artifi cial inoculation. The use of resistantvarieties and the IPM techniques are the most appropriate controlstrategies for resource-poor farmers.With the high incidence and outbreaks of ear rots, and C. zeaemaydis,it has become necessary for plant breeders, in collaboration withplant pathologists, to initiate screening programs to identify resistancesources to these two pathogens in the WHL, the ecology with thegreatest potential for increased maize production in Cameroon.AcknowledgementThis work was conducted with grants provided by the InternationalFunds for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and the African DevelopmentBank (ADB). Technical and logistical assistance was providedby IITA.ReferencesAyuk-Takem, J.A., J.P. Eckebil, and H.R. Chheda, 1982. Problems and potentialsof maize (Zea mays L.) research and production in Cameroon. RevueSciences et Technique 2: 5–16.Buddenhagen, J.L., 1985. Maize diseases in relation to maize improvementin the tropics. Pp 243-275 In A. Brandolini and F. Salamini (eds.) Breedingstrategies for maize production and improvement in the tropics. FAO/UNand Inst. Agron. L’ Oltremare: Foirenze, Italy.Cardwell, K.F., F. Schulthess, R. Ndemah, and Z. Ngoko, 1997. A systemsapproach to assess crop health and maize yield losses due to pestsand diseases in Cameroon. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment65: 33–47.Clive, J., 1971. A manual of assessment keys for plant diseases. No. 1458. APSPress: St. Paul, Mn., USA.Fajemisin, J.M., 1985. Maize diseases in Africa and their role in the varietalimprovement process. Pp 237–250 In G. Bantayehu (ed.) To feedourselves: Proceedings of the fi rst Eastern, Central and Southern AfricaMaize Workshop, Lusaka, Zambia. March 10–17 1985.FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), 1994.Production Year Book. Vol. 48, 77pp. FAO: Rome, Italy.Foko, J., 1973. Observations phytosanitaires sur les essais intervariétaux demaïs dans le Sud et l’Ouest-Cameroun. Rapport Technique.13pp.Hanway, J.J., 1966. Growth stages of corn (Zea mays L.). Agronomic Journal58:487–491.Latterell, F.M. and A.E. Rossi, 1983. Gray Leaf spot of corn: a disease on themove. Plant Disease 67: 842–847.MINAGRI, 1996. Rapport annual des activites du Ministère de l’AgricultureDelegation Provinciale de l’Agriculture du Nord Ouest, Bamenda,Cameroun. Rapport Technique.
256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Cameroon. IRAD/IITA/USAID Nkolbisson:Yaoundé, Cameroon.Ngoko, Z., 1991. Plant Pathology Bambui Annual Report. NCRE 1991 AnnualReport, p 228–238Ngoko, Z., 1994. Maize diseases in the Highlands of Cameroon. TechnicalBulletin. 22pp.Ngoko, Z., K.F. Cardwell, W.F.O. Marasas, M.J. Wingfi eld, and F. Schulthess,2002. Biological and physical constraints on maize production in the HumidForest and Western Highlands of Cameroon. European Journal ofPlant Pathology 108: 893–902.Praquin, J. Y., 1976. L’amélioration du maïs au Cameroun. L’Agronomie Tropicale27: 473-487.Rane, M. S., M.M. Payak, and B.L. Renfro, 1965. A Phaeosphaeria leaf spotof maize. Indian Phytopathological Society Bulletin 3.Timti, I. N., 1980. A survey of maize (Zea mays L.) diseases in maize growingareas in Cameroon. Revue Science et Technique 1: 83–89.Ward, J.M., E. Stromberg, D.C. Nowell, and F.W. Nutter, 1999. Gray leafspot: a disease of global importance in maize production. Plant Disease83(10): 884–985.
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iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
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iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
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vAssessment of Striga infestation i
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viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
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ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
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Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
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xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
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xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
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xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
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xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
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1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
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4skills of the scientists and impro
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6collaborating scientists. This is
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8fi ndings to their peers. They are
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10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
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12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
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14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
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16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
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18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
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20DiscussionResults of the analyses
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22the Lead Country Concept was not
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24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
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26et des lignées dotées de résis
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28Overview of the strategy for deve
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30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
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32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
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34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
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36different germplasm and for placi
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38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
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40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
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42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
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44sur la performance de leurs hybri
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46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
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48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
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50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
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52employed to exploit non-additive
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54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
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56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
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58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
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60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
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62ConclusionThe results of this stu
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64Combining ability of diverse maiz
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66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
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68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
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70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
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72Table 5. Estimates of general com
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74Table 7. Estimates of general com
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76yield under Striga infestation. T
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78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
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80Maize accounts for between 30 and
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82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
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84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
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86interest, including early, medium
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88IntroductionThe multi-environment
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90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
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922Table 3: Average proportion of t
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94genotypes within the target sets.
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96residual interaction matrix has b
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98Effects of farmers’ seed source
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100known. The objective of this stu
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102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
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104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
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106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
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108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
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110In collaboration with the Intern
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112to farmers. Recommendations had
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114maize, the highest grain yield a
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116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
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118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
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120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
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122
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124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
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126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
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128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
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130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
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132Yield increase and relative yiel
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134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
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136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
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138Residual benefits of soybean gen
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140The cultivation of leguminous cr
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142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
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144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
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146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
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152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
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154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
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156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
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158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
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160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
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162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
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164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
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166ConclusionFrom the results of th
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168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
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170la variété de maïs tolérant
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172It is necessary to validate that
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174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
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176of cowpea, than in the farmers
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178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
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180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
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182potential in comparison to the t
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184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
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186Table 3. Means for days to silki
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188DiscussionThe observed effects o
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190the yield potential of the genot
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192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
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194Genotypic variation of soybean f
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1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
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198Experimental layout, planting an
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200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
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202Figure 1. Relationships between
Page 225 and 226: 204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
Page 227 and 228: 206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
Page 229 and 230: 208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
Page 231 and 232: 210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
Page 233 and 234: 212colonization in previous RP plot
Page 235 and 236: 214(Table 8). However, within speci
Page 237 and 238: 216maize-after-soybean plots over t
Page 239 and 240: 218The observed trends in grain yie
Page 241 and 242: 220in soybean than in maize grain d
Page 243 and 244: 222IITA (International Institute of
Page 245 and 246: 224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
Page 247 and 248: 226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
Page 249 and 250: 228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
Page 251 and 252: 230L’espérance de la matrice de
Page 253 and 254: 232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
Page 255 and 256: 234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
Page 257 and 258: 236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
Page 259 and 260: 238seconde stratégie répond bien
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Page 263 and 264: 242
Page 265 and 266: 244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
Page 267 and 268: 246Field surveysField surveys were
Page 269 and 270: 248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
Page 271 and 272: 250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
Page 273 and 274: 252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
Page 275: 254Signifi cant correlations were f
Page 279 and 280: 258faibles réactions qui indiquent
Page 281 and 282: 260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
Page 283 and 284: 262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
Page 285 and 286: 264Table 5. Larval feeding response
Page 287 and 288: 266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
Page 289 and 290: 268on moderately resistant and susc
Page 291 and 292: 270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
Page 293 and 294: 272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
Page 295 and 296: 274the baseline for environmental m
Page 297 and 298: 276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
Page 299 and 300: 278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
Page 301 and 302: 280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
Page 303 and 304: 282The use of spicy plant oils agai
Page 305 and 306: 284The objectives of the present st
Page 307 and 308: 286% mortality100908070605040302010
Page 309 and 310: 288saturated atmosphere in the dark
Page 311 and 312: 290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
Page 313 and 314: 292intercropped with groundnut, and
Page 315 and 316: 294du Striga. Les observations ont
Page 317 and 318: 296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
Page 319 and 320: 298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
Page 321 and 322: 300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
Page 323 and 324: 302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
Page 325 and 326: 304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
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306developed herbicide resistant li
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308geo-referenced data from a farm-
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310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
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312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
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314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
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316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
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318Table 1. Relative abundance and
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320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
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322were the predominant predator sp
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324on insect infestation and the as
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326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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328
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330impliquées dans la production d
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332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
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334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
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336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
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338farmers are given the appropriat
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340RésuméUne étude combinée de
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342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
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344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
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346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
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348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
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350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
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352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
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354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
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356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
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358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
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36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
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362ISTA (International Seed Testing
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364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
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366variété améliorée et un tém
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368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
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370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
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372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
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374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
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376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
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380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
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382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
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384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
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386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
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388Unexploited yield and profitabil
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390and input combinations. A number
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392The production function in equat
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394host of socio-economic and insti
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396Table 3. Frequency distribution
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398The adjusted R-squared value and
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400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
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402Socio-economics of community-bas
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404seed at affordable price to farm
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406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
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408Table 3. Average labor costs and
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410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
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412communautaire de semences de ma
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414producing QPM seed at the commun
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416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
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418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
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420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
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422Effets de la rotation et de l’
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424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
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426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
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428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
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430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
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432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
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434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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436
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438
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440ont été analysés pour leur co
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442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
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444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
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446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
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448germination. In general, the pea
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450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
Page 511 and 512:
490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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