Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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Rhue, R.D., C.O. Grogan, E.W. Stockmeyer and H.C. Everett. 1978. Geneticcontrol of aluminium tolerance in corn. Crop Sci. 18:1063–1067.Salazar, F.S., S. Pandey, L. Narro, J.C. Perez, H. Ceballos, S.N. Parentoni andA.F.C. Bahia Filho. 1997. Diallel analysis of acid-soil tolerant and intoleranttropical maize populations. Crop Sci. 37:147–1462.SAS Institute 1989. SAS/STAT guide for personal computers. Version 6. Cary.NC: SAS Institute Inc.Thé, C., W.J. Horst, H. Calba, C. Welcker and C. Zonkeng. 1997. Identifi cationand development of maize genotypes adapted to acid soil of the tropics.Proceedings of a Regional Maize Workshop on Impact, challenges andprospects of maize research and development in West and Central Africa.Pp 107–113.Thé, C., H. Calba, W.J. Horst and C. Zonkeng. 2002. Maize grain yieldcorrelated response to changes in acid soils characteristics after 3 yearsof soil amendment. Seventh Eastern and Southern Africa Regional MaizeConference 5–11 February 2002, Nairobi, Kenya.Thé, C., H. Mafouasson, H. Calba, P. Mbouemboue, A. Tagne et J.W. Horst.2003. Identifi cation de groupes heterotiques pour la tolérance du maîs(Zea mays L.) aux sols acides des tropiques. Cahiers d’Agriculture (inpress).Von Vexkull, H.R. and E. Mutert, 1995. Global extent, development andeconomic impact of acid-soils. Pp 5–19 In R.A. Data et al. (eds.) Plantsoilinteraction at low pH: Principles and management. Kluver AcademicPublishers, Dardrecht, The Netherlands.63
64Combining ability of diverse maize inbred linesunder Striga infestation in Nigeria and BéninC.G. Yallou 1 , A. Menkir 2 , V.O. Adetimirin 3 and J.G. Kling 41Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Benin, Cotonou, Republic of Bénin2IITA, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria3Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria4Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USAAbstractStriga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a parasitic weed that seriouslyconstrains maize (Zea mays L) production in sub-Saharan Africa. Yieldlosses from the infestation of S. hermonthica on maize can reach up to100%. Host plant resistance is the most effective means of control ofthe weed, but the level of resistance in the presently available sourcesis not high enough to completely control the weed. Higher levelsof resistance have been found in Zea diploperennis Iltis, Doebley &Guzman, a wild relative of maize. The objective of this study was todetermine the mode of inheritance of resistance to S. hermonthicain fi ve inbred lines derived from Z. mays x Z. diploperennis crosses(Zd lines), one inbred line form TZL Composite 1, and four standardinbred lines. The ten lines were crossed in a diallel fashion and theresulting 45 single-cross hybrids were evaluated under artifi cial Strigainfestation at two locations each in Nigeria and Republic of Benin fortwo years. The results showed that general combining ability (GCA)mean squares were much larger than those for specifi c combiningability (SCA) for grain yield under Striga infestation, Striga damagesymptom score, and numbers of emerged Striga plants, indicatingthat, for these traits, additive genetic effects were more important thannon-additive effects. Interactions of hybrids with environments (yearsand locations) were signifi cant for the three traits. The Zd inbred lineshad positive GCA values for grain yield and negative values for Strigadamage symptom score, and numbers of emerged Striga plants. Onthe other hand the standard inbred lines, which were susceptible, hadnegative GCA values for grain yield and positive values for Strigadamage symptom score and number of emerged Striga plants. InbredZd 551 was the most Striga-resistant line in the study. This line as wellas other Zd lines may represent better sources of resistance to Strigathan the standard inbred lines.
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iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
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iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
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vAssessment of Striga infestation i
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viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
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ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
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Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
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xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
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xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
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xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
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xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
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1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
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4skills of the scientists and impro
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6collaborating scientists. This is
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8fi ndings to their peers. They are
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10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
Page 33 and 34: 12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
Page 35 and 36: 14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
Page 37 and 38: 16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
Page 39 and 40: 18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
Page 41 and 42: 20DiscussionResults of the analyses
Page 43 and 44: 22the Lead Country Concept was not
Page 45 and 46: 24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
Page 47 and 48: 26et des lignées dotées de résis
Page 49 and 50: 28Overview of the strategy for deve
Page 51 and 52: 30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
Page 53 and 54: 32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
Page 55 and 56: 34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
Page 57 and 58: 36different germplasm and for placi
Page 59 and 60: 38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
Page 61 and 62: 40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
Page 63 and 64: 42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
Page 65 and 66: 44sur la performance de leurs hybri
Page 67 and 68: 46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
Page 69 and 70: 48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
Page 71 and 72: 50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
Page 73 and 74: 52employed to exploit non-additive
Page 75 and 76: 54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
Page 77 and 78: 56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
Page 79 and 80: 58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
Page 81 and 82: 60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
Page 83: 62ConclusionThe results of this stu
Page 87 and 88: 66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
Page 89 and 90: 68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
Page 91 and 92: 70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
Page 93 and 94: 72Table 5. Estimates of general com
Page 95 and 96: 74Table 7. Estimates of general com
Page 97 and 98: 76yield under Striga infestation. T
Page 99 and 100: 78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
Page 101 and 102: 80Maize accounts for between 30 and
Page 103 and 104: 82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
Page 105 and 106: 84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
Page 107 and 108: 86interest, including early, medium
Page 109 and 110: 88IntroductionThe multi-environment
Page 111 and 112: 90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
Page 113 and 114: 922Table 3: Average proportion of t
Page 115 and 116: 94genotypes within the target sets.
Page 117 and 118: 96residual interaction matrix has b
Page 119 and 120: 98Effects of farmers’ seed source
Page 121 and 122: 100known. The objective of this stu
Page 123 and 124: 102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
Page 125 and 126: 104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
Page 127 and 128: 106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
Page 129 and 130: 108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
Page 131 and 132: 110In collaboration with the Intern
Page 133 and 134: 112to farmers. Recommendations had
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114maize, the highest grain yield a
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116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
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118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
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120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
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122
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124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
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126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
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128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
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130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
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132Yield increase and relative yiel
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134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
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136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
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138Residual benefits of soybean gen
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140The cultivation of leguminous cr
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142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
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144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
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146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
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152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
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154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
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156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
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158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
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160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
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162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
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164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
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166ConclusionFrom the results of th
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168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
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170la variété de maïs tolérant
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172It is necessary to validate that
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174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
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176of cowpea, than in the farmers
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178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
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180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
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182potential in comparison to the t
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184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
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186Table 3. Means for days to silki
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188DiscussionThe observed effects o
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190the yield potential of the genot
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192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
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194Genotypic variation of soybean f
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1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
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198Experimental layout, planting an
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200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
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202Figure 1. Relationships between
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204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
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206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
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208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
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210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
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212colonization in previous RP plot
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214(Table 8). However, within speci
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216maize-after-soybean plots over t
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218The observed trends in grain yie
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220in soybean than in maize grain d
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222IITA (International Institute of
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224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
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226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
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228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
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230L’espérance de la matrice de
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232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
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234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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238seconde stratégie répond bien
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240
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242
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244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
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246Field surveysField surveys were
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248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
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250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
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252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
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254Signifi cant correlations were f
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256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
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258faibles réactions qui indiquent
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260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
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262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
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264Table 5. Larval feeding response
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266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
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268on moderately resistant and susc
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270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
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272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
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274the baseline for environmental m
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276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
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278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
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280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
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282The use of spicy plant oils agai
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284The objectives of the present st
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286% mortality100908070605040302010
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288saturated atmosphere in the dark
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290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
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292intercropped with groundnut, and
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294du Striga. Les observations ont
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296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
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298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
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300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
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302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
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304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
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306developed herbicide resistant li
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308geo-referenced data from a farm-
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310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
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312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
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314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
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316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
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318Table 1. Relative abundance and
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320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
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322were the predominant predator sp
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324on insect infestation and the as
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326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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328
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330impliquées dans la production d
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332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
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334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
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336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
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338farmers are given the appropriat
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340RésuméUne étude combinée de
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342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
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344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
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346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
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348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
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350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
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352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
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354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
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356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
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358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
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36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
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362ISTA (International Seed Testing
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364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
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366variété améliorée et un tém
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368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
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370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
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372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
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374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
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376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
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380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
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382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
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384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
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386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
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388Unexploited yield and profitabil
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390and input combinations. A number
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392The production function in equat
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394host of socio-economic and insti
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396Table 3. Frequency distribution
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398The adjusted R-squared value and
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400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
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402Socio-economics of community-bas
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404seed at affordable price to farm
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406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
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408Table 3. Average labor costs and
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410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
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412communautaire de semences de ma
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414producing QPM seed at the commun
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416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
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418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
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420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
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422Effets de la rotation et de l’
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424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
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426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
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428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
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430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
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432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
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434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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436
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438
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440ont été analysés pour leur co
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442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
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444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
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446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
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448germination. In general, the pea
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450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
Page 511 and 512:
490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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