Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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321Table 5. Abundance of maize stem borer predators and species diversity indices (H’) on maize variety CMS 9015 intercropped with cowpeavariety BR1 at Nyom II and Bafia in Cameroon, 1999 and 2000.Location Treatment Number of arthropods Total H’D.e.* C.s. B.sp Ants Spiders OthersNyom II Maize treated with insecticideMaize-cowpea intercropControlTotalBafi a Maize treated with insecticideMaize-cowpea intercropControlTotal395040129275255134203512031236122013451409236892322232570877221124174127976822375596882391.741.131.821.941.901.65* D.e.=Diaperasticus erythrocephala; C.s.=Cheilomenes sulphurea sulphurea; B. sp=Blatella sp.; H’=Shannon-Weiner’s diversity index
322were the predominant predator species in each location and treatment.They were slightly more abundant in Bafi a (51%) than in Nyom II(49%), and species diversity indices were slightly higher in Bafi a thanin Nyom II. No particular pattern of species distribution was observedamong the treatments.No parasitoid emerged from the larvae collected. However, thefollowing fi ve fungi species were recovered from 24 of the larvaecollected: Beauvaria bassiana, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporium, F.semitectum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium and Chaetonium. All the fungiwere found on larvae collected from both locations, except Chaetoniumthat was recovered from larvae collected in Bafi a. F. moniliforme waspredominant (recovered from 42% of larvae), followed by Penicillium(25%), B. bassiana (17%), A. niger (12%) and Chaetonium (4%).Economic analysisTotal revenue per hectare derived from maize treated with Carbofuranwas 500,000 FCFA and 275,000 FCFA for the maize component inthe maize-cowpea intercrop. Additional revenue of 480,000 FCFAwas obtained from the cowpea component of the intercrop (Table6). Total costs were 69,065 FCFA for maize treated with Carbofuranand 55,565 FCFA for the intercrop. Subtracting total variable costsfrom total revenue gave net profi ts of 430,935 FCFA for Carbofurantreatedmaize and 699,430 FCFA for intercrop. Thus an additionalbenefi t of 268,495 FCFA was derived from intercropping. Therefore,maize-cowpea was more profi table than the use of Carbofuran tocontrol stem borers of maize.DiscussionThe stem borer species B. fusca, S. calamistis, E. saccharina and M.nigrivenella were present in all the treatments, but their diversityindices were low in maize treated with Carbofuran. The high indicesfound in the untreated (control) plots within the same locationsuggests that maize borer species were more diversifi ed in untreatedthan intercropped or treated plots. In addition, the species were morediversifi ed in Bafi a than in Nyom II. These results are consistent withthose of Legendre and Legendre (1979), who suggested that lowdiversity indices indicated a higher biological activity of some species.In other words, low indices correspond to a less equitable speciesdistribution. Overall, the results of the present study showed that B.fusca was the predominant species in all treatments in Nyom II as wellas in Bafi a.Incidence of the borers was higher in untreated plots than in theother treatments. The low number of borers on the maize-cowpeaintercrop supports the resource concentration hypothesis of Root
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iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
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iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
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vAssessment of Striga infestation i
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viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
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ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
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Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
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xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
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xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
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xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
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xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
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1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
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4skills of the scientists and impro
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6collaborating scientists. This is
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8fi ndings to their peers. They are
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10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
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12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
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14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
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16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
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18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
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20DiscussionResults of the analyses
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22the Lead Country Concept was not
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24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
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26et des lignées dotées de résis
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28Overview of the strategy for deve
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30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
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32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
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34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
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36different germplasm and for placi
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38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
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40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
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42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
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44sur la performance de leurs hybri
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46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
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48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
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50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
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52employed to exploit non-additive
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54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
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56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
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58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
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60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
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62ConclusionThe results of this stu
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64Combining ability of diverse maiz
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66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
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68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
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70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
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72Table 5. Estimates of general com
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74Table 7. Estimates of general com
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76yield under Striga infestation. T
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78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
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80Maize accounts for between 30 and
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82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
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84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
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86interest, including early, medium
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88IntroductionThe multi-environment
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90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
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922Table 3: Average proportion of t
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94genotypes within the target sets.
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96residual interaction matrix has b
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98Effects of farmers’ seed source
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100known. The objective of this stu
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102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
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104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
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106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
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108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
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110In collaboration with the Intern
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112to farmers. Recommendations had
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114maize, the highest grain yield a
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116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
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118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
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120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
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122
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124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
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126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
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128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
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130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
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132Yield increase and relative yiel
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134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
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136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
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138Residual benefits of soybean gen
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140The cultivation of leguminous cr
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142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
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144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
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146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
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152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
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154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
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156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
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158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
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160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
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162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
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164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
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166ConclusionFrom the results of th
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168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
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170la variété de maïs tolérant
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172It is necessary to validate that
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174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
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176of cowpea, than in the farmers
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178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
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180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
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182potential in comparison to the t
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184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
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186Table 3. Means for days to silki
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188DiscussionThe observed effects o
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190the yield potential of the genot
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192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
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194Genotypic variation of soybean f
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1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
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198Experimental layout, planting an
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200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
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202Figure 1. Relationships between
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204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
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206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
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208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
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210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
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212colonization in previous RP plot
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214(Table 8). However, within speci
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216maize-after-soybean plots over t
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218The observed trends in grain yie
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220in soybean than in maize grain d
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222IITA (International Institute of
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224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
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226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
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228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
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230L’espérance de la matrice de
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232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
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234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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238seconde stratégie répond bien
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240
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242
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244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
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246Field surveysField surveys were
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248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
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250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
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252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
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254Signifi cant correlations were f
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256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
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258faibles réactions qui indiquent
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260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
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262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
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264Table 5. Larval feeding response
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266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
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268on moderately resistant and susc
Page 291 and 292: 270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
Page 293 and 294: 272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
Page 295 and 296: 274the baseline for environmental m
Page 297 and 298: 276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
Page 299 and 300: 278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
Page 301 and 302: 280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
Page 303 and 304: 282The use of spicy plant oils agai
Page 305 and 306: 284The objectives of the present st
Page 307 and 308: 286% mortality100908070605040302010
Page 309 and 310: 288saturated atmosphere in the dark
Page 311 and 312: 290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
Page 313 and 314: 292intercropped with groundnut, and
Page 315 and 316: 294du Striga. Les observations ont
Page 317 and 318: 296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
Page 319 and 320: 298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
Page 321 and 322: 300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
Page 323 and 324: 302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
Page 325 and 326: 304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
Page 327 and 328: 306developed herbicide resistant li
Page 329 and 330: 308geo-referenced data from a farm-
Page 331 and 332: 310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
Page 333 and 334: 312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
Page 335 and 336: 314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
Page 337 and 338: 316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
Page 339 and 340: 318Table 1. Relative abundance and
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Page 345 and 346: 324on insect infestation and the as
Page 347 and 348: 326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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Page 351 and 352: 330impliquées dans la production d
Page 353 and 354: 332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
Page 355 and 356: 334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
Page 357 and 358: 336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
Page 359 and 360: 338farmers are given the appropriat
Page 361 and 362: 340RésuméUne étude combinée de
Page 363 and 364: 342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
Page 365 and 366: 344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
Page 367 and 368: 346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
Page 369 and 370: 348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
Page 371 and 372: 350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
Page 373 and 374: 352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
Page 375 and 376: 354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
Page 377 and 378: 356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
Page 379 and 380: 358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
Page 381 and 382: 36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
Page 383 and 384: 362ISTA (International Seed Testing
Page 385 and 386: 364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
Page 387 and 388: 366variété améliorée et un tém
Page 389 and 390: 368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
Page 391 and 392: 370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
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372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
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374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
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376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
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380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
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382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
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384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
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386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
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388Unexploited yield and profitabil
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390and input combinations. A number
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392The production function in equat
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394host of socio-economic and insti
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396Table 3. Frequency distribution
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398The adjusted R-squared value and
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400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
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402Socio-economics of community-bas
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404seed at affordable price to farm
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406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
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408Table 3. Average labor costs and
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410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
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412communautaire de semences de ma
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414producing QPM seed at the commun
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416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
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418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
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420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
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422Effets de la rotation et de l’
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424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
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426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
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428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
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430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
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432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
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434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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436
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438
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440ont été analysés pour leur co
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442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
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444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
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446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
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448germination. In general, the pea
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450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
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490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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