Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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203Table 3. Phosphorus use and response efficiency groups of cowpea andsoybean genotypes grown at three locations.Per<strong>for</strong>mance at 0PResponse to RPapplicationResponse to TSPapplicationGroupEffi cientIneffi cientIntermediateResponsiveNonresponsiveIntermediateResponsiveNonresponsiveIntermediateSoybean genotypeTGm1566, TGx1456-2ETGm1251, TGm1420, TGm1360TGm1419, TGm1576, TGm1511,TGm0944, TGm1039, TGm1196,TGm1293, TGM1540TGm1566, TGx1456-2ETGm1251, TGm1420, TGm1293TGm1419, TGm1576,TGm1511, TGm0944,TGm1039, TGm1196, TGM1540TGm1566, TGm1419, TGx1456-2ETGm1251, TGm1540TGm1576, TGm1511, TGm0944,TGm1039, TGm1196, TGM1360,TGm1293, TGm1420Figure 2. Biplot of grain yield of soybean genotypes at high and low P.
204signifi cant correlation (P ≤ 0.001) with grain yield from PR, althoughits correlation with that from TSP was signifi cant only at P ≤ 0.05. Allthe correlation coeffi cients, although statistically signifi cant, representedweak relationships between grain yield and P use effi ciency.Nitrogen fixation in soybean genotypesNitrogen fi xation in soybean varied greatly among the genotypesand was infl uenced by P source and location (Fig. 3). However, TSPapplication improved %Ndfa signifi cantly at Shika and Davié but not atFashola; RP application did not improve %Ndfa signifi cantly at any ofthe locations. The range of %Ndfa by soybean genotypes was generallywider under low P conditions (27–53%) compared with high P (TSP)conditions (38–58%). The soybean genotypes TGm1420 and TGm1293consistently derived relatively higher %Ndfa across the locations. Also,differences between the best and poorest N fi xers within a P sourcewere signifi cant at all locations but the ranking of genotypes was notat all consistent across the locations. Strikingly, the improved genotypeTG×1456–2E had high grain yields at Fashola and Davié under lowand high P conditions, and under high P conditions at all locations, butnevertheless had relatively low %Nfda values at all locations.N nutrition and export in grainThe total N in biomass (at the R 3.5growth stages) and in grain acrosssoybean genotypes increased signifi cantly with P fertilizer application.The total N in soybean genotypes under low P conditions ranged from26.6 to 43.0 kg ha -1 at Shika, from 39.2 to 64.9 kg ha -1 at Fashola, andfrom 41.4 to 81.4 kg ha -1 at Davié (Table 4). Increases in biomass totalN in response to RP and TSP ranged from 51 to 171% at Shika, from–2 to 36% at Fashola, and from 17 to 48% at Davié. Nitrogen uptakein grain of soybean genotypes TGm1566 and TG×1456–2E wassignifi cantly higher than in TGm1251 at all P levels at Shika, but a fewsoybean genotypes (e.g., TG×1456–2E, TGm1566, and TGm0944)demonstrated the capacity to improve their N nutrition with RP as Psource at Shika and Davié. None of the genotypes demonstrated thiscapacity at Fashola.The total N exported in grain of soybean genotypes was greaterthan that derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) in most genotypes,resulting in negative N balances in all soybean plots (Fig. 3) exceptat Davié. There, three soybean genotypes (TGm1420, TGm0944,and TGm1360) gave positive N balances in all the P treatments. Thenegative N balances were generally highest at Fashola, with or withoutP application, but were signifi cantly increased with P application acrosssoybean genotypes at Shika. Surprisingly, the improved soybeangenotype TGm1456–2E was among those with the highest negativeN balances in all three locations (Fig. 3).
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iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
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iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
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vAssessment of Striga infestation i
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viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
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ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
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Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
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xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
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xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
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xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
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xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
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1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
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4skills of the scientists and impro
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6collaborating scientists. This is
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8fi ndings to their peers. They are
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10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
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12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
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14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
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16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
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18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
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20DiscussionResults of the analyses
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22the Lead Country Concept was not
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24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
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26et des lignées dotées de résis
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28Overview of the strategy for deve
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30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
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32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
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34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
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36different germplasm and for placi
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38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
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40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
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42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
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44sur la performance de leurs hybri
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46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
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48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
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50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
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52employed to exploit non-additive
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54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
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56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
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58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
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60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
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62ConclusionThe results of this stu
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64Combining ability of diverse maiz
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66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
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68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
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70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
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72Table 5. Estimates of general com
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74Table 7. Estimates of general com
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76yield under Striga infestation. T
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78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
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80Maize accounts for between 30 and
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82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
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84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
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86interest, including early, medium
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88IntroductionThe multi-environment
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90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
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922Table 3: Average proportion of t
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94genotypes within the target sets.
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96residual interaction matrix has b
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98Effects of farmers’ seed source
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100known. The objective of this stu
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102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
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104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
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106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
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108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
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110In collaboration with the Intern
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112to farmers. Recommendations had
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114maize, the highest grain yield a
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116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
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118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
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120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
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122
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124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
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126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
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128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
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130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
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132Yield increase and relative yiel
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134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
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136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
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138Residual benefits of soybean gen
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140The cultivation of leguminous cr
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142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
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144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
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146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
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Page 173 and 174: 152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
Page 175 and 176: 154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
Page 177 and 178: 156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
Page 179 and 180: 158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
Page 181 and 182: 160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
Page 183 and 184: 162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
Page 185 and 186: 164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
Page 187 and 188: 166ConclusionFrom the results of th
Page 189 and 190: 168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
Page 191 and 192: 170la variété de maïs tolérant
Page 193 and 194: 172It is necessary to validate that
Page 195 and 196: 174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
Page 197 and 198: 176of cowpea, than in the farmers
Page 199 and 200: 178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
Page 201 and 202: 180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
Page 203 and 204: 182potential in comparison to the t
Page 205 and 206: 184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
Page 207 and 208: 186Table 3. Means for days to silki
Page 209 and 210: 188DiscussionThe observed effects o
Page 211 and 212: 190the yield potential of the genot
Page 213 and 214: 192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
Page 215 and 216: 194Genotypic variation of soybean f
Page 217 and 218: 1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
Page 219 and 220: 198Experimental layout, planting an
Page 221 and 222: 200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
Page 223: 202Figure 1. Relationships between
Page 227 and 228: 206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
Page 229 and 230: 208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
Page 231 and 232: 210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
Page 233 and 234: 212colonization in previous RP plot
Page 235 and 236: 214(Table 8). However, within speci
Page 237 and 238: 216maize-after-soybean plots over t
Page 239 and 240: 218The observed trends in grain yie
Page 241 and 242: 220in soybean than in maize grain d
Page 243 and 244: 222IITA (International Institute of
Page 245 and 246: 224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
Page 247 and 248: 226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
Page 249 and 250: 228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
Page 251 and 252: 230L’espérance de la matrice de
Page 253 and 254: 232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
Page 255 and 256: 234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
Page 257 and 258: 236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
Page 259 and 260: 238seconde stratégie répond bien
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Page 263 and 264: 242
Page 265 and 266: 244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
Page 267 and 268: 246Field surveysField surveys were
Page 269 and 270: 248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
Page 271 and 272: 250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
Page 273 and 274: 252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
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254Signifi cant correlations were f
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256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
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258faibles réactions qui indiquent
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260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
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262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
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264Table 5. Larval feeding response
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266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
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268on moderately resistant and susc
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270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
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272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
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274the baseline for environmental m
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276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
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278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
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280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
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282The use of spicy plant oils agai
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284The objectives of the present st
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286% mortality100908070605040302010
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288saturated atmosphere in the dark
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290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
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292intercropped with groundnut, and
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294du Striga. Les observations ont
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296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
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298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
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300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
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302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
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304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
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306developed herbicide resistant li
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308geo-referenced data from a farm-
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310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
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312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
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314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
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316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
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318Table 1. Relative abundance and
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320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
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322were the predominant predator sp
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324on insect infestation and the as
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326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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328
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330impliquées dans la production d
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332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
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334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
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336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
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338farmers are given the appropriat
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340RésuméUne étude combinée de
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342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
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344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
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346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
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348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
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350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
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352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
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354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
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356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
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358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
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36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
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362ISTA (International Seed Testing
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364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
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366variété améliorée et un tém
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368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
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370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
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372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
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374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
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376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
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380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
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382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
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384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
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386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
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388Unexploited yield and profitabil
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390and input combinations. A number
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392The production function in equat
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394host of socio-economic and insti
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396Table 3. Frequency distribution
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398The adjusted R-squared value and
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400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
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402Socio-economics of community-bas
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404seed at affordable price to farm
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406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
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408Table 3. Average labor costs and
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410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
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412communautaire de semences de ma
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414producing QPM seed at the commun
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416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
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418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
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420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
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422Effets de la rotation et de l’
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424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
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426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
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428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
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430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
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432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
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434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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436
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438
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440ont été analysés pour leur co
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442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
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444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
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446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
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448germination. In general, the pea
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450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
Page 511 and 512:
490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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