Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

43Genetic analysis of drought tolerancein maize inbred lines: preliminary resultsS.K. Meseka 1 , A. Menkir 2 , and A.S. Ibrahim 31Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan.2International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria3Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, SudanAbstractDrought stress causes signifi cant yield reduction in maize (Zea maysL) grown in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). An understanding of theinheritance of drought tolerance would be useful in developing droughttolerant hybrids. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) theeffects of the level of drought tolerance in parental inbred lines onthe performance of their hybrids, (ii) mode of inheritance of droughttolerance in inbred lines selected for contrasting responses to drought,and (iii) relationship between per se performance of the parental linesand their hybrids. A Design II mating scheme was used to produce96 single-cross hybrids from 24 inbred lines. The parental lines and F 1hybrids were evaluated in separate trials laid out side by side at Ikenne,Nigeria in 2002. Both general (GCA) and specifi c (SCA) combiningabilities were signifi cant (P < 0.01), with GCA accounting for >50%of total variation for all traits except ears per plant under well-wateredconditions. These results indicated that additive genetic effects largelyinfl uenced grain yield and other traits of the hybrids when evaluatedunder water stress. Most of the crosses with at least one tolerant parentproduced tolerant hybrids, whereas most of the crosses involving twosusceptible lines produced susceptible hybrids. Mid-parent values ofinbred lines per se were useful predictors of hybrid performance forall traits except ear aspect scores. Inbred lines KU1409, 1824, 9006,4001, POP10, and (TZI501xKU1414x501) could be used as parentsfor developing drought tolerant maize hybrids. Results of this study ledto the conclusion that yield improvement in drought tolerant maize isassociated with the level of drought tolerance in parental lines.RésuméLa sécheresse est un stress qui cause une réduction signifi cative derendement chez le maïs (Zea mays L) en Afrique sub-Saharienne(ASS). La compréhension du mode de transmission de la toléranceà la sécheresse serait utile pour la création d’hybrides tolérants à lasécheresse. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer (i) leseffets du niveau de la tolérance à la sécheresse des lignées parentales
44sur la performance de leurs hybrides, (ii) mode de transmission dela tolérence à la sécheresse dans les lignées sélectionnées pour desréponses contrastées à la sécheresse. et (iii) les rapports entre laperformance intrinsèque des parents et leurs hybrides. Un schémade croisements dénommé ‘Design II’ a été utilisé pour produire 96hybrides à partir de 24 lignées. Les lignées parentales et les hybridesF1 ont été évalués dans des essais séparés mis en place côte à côte àIkenne, au Nigéria en 2002. Les aptitudes générales à la combinaison(AGC) et spécifi ques à la combinaison (ASC) étaient signifi catives (p
Page 2 and 3:
iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
Page 4 and 5:
iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
Page 6 and 7:
vAssessment of Striga infestation i
Page 8 and 9:
viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
Page 10 and 11:
ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
Page 12 and 13:
Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
Page 14 and 15: xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
Page 16 and 17: xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
Page 18 and 19: xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
Page 20 and 21: xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
Page 22: 1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
Page 25 and 26: 4skills of the scientists and impro
Page 27 and 28: 6collaborating scientists. This is
Page 29 and 30: 8fi ndings to their peers. They are
Page 31 and 32: 10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
Page 33 and 34: 12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
Page 35 and 36: 14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
Page 37 and 38: 16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
Page 39 and 40: 18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
Page 41 and 42: 20DiscussionResults of the analyses
Page 43 and 44: 22the Lead Country Concept was not
Page 45 and 46: 24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
Page 47 and 48: 26et des lignées dotées de résis
Page 49 and 50: 28Overview of the strategy for deve
Page 51 and 52: 30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
Page 53 and 54: 32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
Page 55 and 56: 34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
Page 57 and 58: 36different germplasm and for placi
Page 59 and 60: 38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
Page 61 and 62: 40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
Page 63: 42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
Page 67 and 68: 46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
Page 69 and 70: 48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
Page 71 and 72: 50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
Page 73 and 74: 52employed to exploit non-additive
Page 75 and 76: 54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
Page 77 and 78: 56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
Page 79 and 80: 58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
Page 81 and 82: 60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
Page 83 and 84: 62ConclusionThe results of this stu
Page 85 and 86: 64Combining ability of diverse maiz
Page 87 and 88: 66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
Page 89 and 90: 68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
Page 91 and 92: 70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
Page 93 and 94: 72Table 5. Estimates of general com
Page 95 and 96: 74Table 7. Estimates of general com
Page 97 and 98: 76yield under Striga infestation. T
Page 99 and 100: 78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
Page 101 and 102: 80Maize accounts for between 30 and
Page 103 and 104: 82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
Page 105 and 106: 84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
Page 107 and 108: 86interest, including early, medium
Page 109 and 110: 88IntroductionThe multi-environment
Page 111 and 112: 90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
Page 113 and 114: 922Table 3: Average proportion of t
Page 115 and 116:
94genotypes within the target sets.
Page 117 and 118:
96residual interaction matrix has b
Page 119 and 120:
98Effects of farmers’ seed source
Page 121 and 122:
100known. The objective of this stu
Page 123 and 124:
102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
Page 125 and 126:
104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
Page 127 and 128:
106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
Page 129 and 130:
108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
Page 131 and 132:
110In collaboration with the Intern
Page 133 and 134:
112to farmers. Recommendations had
Page 135 and 136:
114maize, the highest grain yield a
Page 137 and 138:
116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
Page 139 and 140:
118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
Page 141 and 142:
120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
Page 143 and 144:
122
Page 145 and 146:
124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
Page 147 and 148:
126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
Page 149 and 150:
128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
Page 151 and 152:
130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
Page 153 and 154:
132Yield increase and relative yiel
Page 155 and 156:
134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
Page 157 and 158:
136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
Page 159 and 160:
138Residual benefits of soybean gen
Page 161 and 162:
140The cultivation of leguminous cr
Page 163 and 164:
142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
Page 165 and 166:
144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
Page 167 and 168:
146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
Page 175 and 176:
154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
Page 177 and 178:
156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
Page 179 and 180:
158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
Page 181 and 182:
160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
Page 183 and 184:
162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
Page 185 and 186:
164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
Page 187 and 188:
166ConclusionFrom the results of th
Page 189 and 190:
168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
Page 191 and 192:
170la variété de maïs tolérant
Page 193 and 194:
172It is necessary to validate that
Page 195 and 196:
174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
Page 197 and 198:
176of cowpea, than in the farmers
Page 199 and 200:
178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
Page 201 and 202:
180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
Page 203 and 204:
182potential in comparison to the t
Page 205 and 206:
184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
Page 207 and 208:
186Table 3. Means for days to silki
Page 209 and 210:
188DiscussionThe observed effects o
Page 211 and 212:
190the yield potential of the genot
Page 213 and 214:
192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
Page 215 and 216:
194Genotypic variation of soybean f
Page 217 and 218:
1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
Page 219 and 220:
198Experimental layout, planting an
Page 221 and 222:
200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
Page 223 and 224:
202Figure 1. Relationships between
Page 225 and 226:
204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
Page 227 and 228:
206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
Page 229 and 230:
208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
Page 231 and 232:
210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
Page 233 and 234:
212colonization in previous RP plot
Page 235 and 236:
214(Table 8). However, within speci
Page 237 and 238:
216maize-after-soybean plots over t
Page 239 and 240:
218The observed trends in grain yie
Page 241 and 242:
220in soybean than in maize grain d
Page 243 and 244:
222IITA (International Institute of
Page 245 and 246:
224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
Page 247 and 248:
226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
Page 249 and 250:
228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
Page 251 and 252:
230L’espérance de la matrice de
Page 253 and 254:
232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
Page 255 and 256:
234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
Page 257 and 258:
236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
Page 259 and 260:
238seconde stratégie répond bien
Page 261 and 262:
240
Page 263 and 264:
242
Page 265 and 266:
244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
Page 267 and 268:
246Field surveysField surveys were
Page 269 and 270:
248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
Page 271 and 272:
250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
Page 273 and 274:
252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
Page 275 and 276:
254Signifi cant correlations were f
Page 277 and 278:
256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
Page 279 and 280:
258faibles réactions qui indiquent
Page 281 and 282:
260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
Page 283 and 284:
262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
Page 285 and 286:
264Table 5. Larval feeding response
Page 287 and 288:
266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
Page 289 and 290:
268on moderately resistant and susc
Page 291 and 292:
270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
Page 293 and 294:
272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
Page 295 and 296:
274the baseline for environmental m
Page 297 and 298:
276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
Page 299 and 300:
278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
Page 301 and 302:
280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
Page 303 and 304:
282The use of spicy plant oils agai
Page 305 and 306:
284The objectives of the present st
Page 307 and 308:
286% mortality100908070605040302010
Page 309 and 310:
288saturated atmosphere in the dark
Page 311 and 312:
290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
Page 313 and 314:
292intercropped with groundnut, and
Page 315 and 316:
294du Striga. Les observations ont
Page 317 and 318:
296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
Page 319 and 320:
298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
Page 321 and 322:
300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
Page 323 and 324:
302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
Page 325 and 326:
304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
Page 327 and 328:
306developed herbicide resistant li
Page 329 and 330:
308geo-referenced data from a farm-
Page 331 and 332:
310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
Page 333 and 334:
312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
Page 335 and 336:
314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
Page 337 and 338:
316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
Page 339 and 340:
318Table 1. Relative abundance and
Page 341 and 342:
320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
Page 343 and 344:
322were the predominant predator sp
Page 345 and 346:
324on insect infestation and the as
Page 347 and 348:
326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
Page 349 and 350:
328
Page 351 and 352:
330impliquées dans la production d
Page 353 and 354:
332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
Page 355 and 356:
334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
Page 357 and 358:
336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
Page 359 and 360:
338farmers are given the appropriat
Page 361 and 362:
340RésuméUne étude combinée de
Page 363 and 364:
342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
Page 365 and 366:
344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
Page 367 and 368:
346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
Page 369 and 370:
348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
Page 371 and 372:
350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
Page 373 and 374:
352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
Page 375 and 376:
354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
Page 377 and 378:
356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
Page 379 and 380:
358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
Page 381 and 382:
36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
Page 383 and 384:
362ISTA (International Seed Testing
Page 385 and 386:
364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
Page 387 and 388:
366variété améliorée et un tém
Page 389 and 390:
368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
Page 391 and 392:
370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
Page 393 and 394:
372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
Page 395 and 396:
374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
Page 397 and 398:
376- Au niveau des tests associatio
Page 399 and 400:
378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
Page 401 and 402:
380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
Page 403 and 404:
382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
Page 405 and 406:
384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
Page 407 and 408:
386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
Page 409 and 410:
388Unexploited yield and profitabil
Page 411 and 412:
390and input combinations. A number
Page 413 and 414:
392The production function in equat
Page 415 and 416:
394host of socio-economic and insti
Page 417 and 418:
396Table 3. Frequency distribution
Page 419 and 420:
398The adjusted R-squared value and
Page 421 and 422:
400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
Page 423 and 424:
402Socio-economics of community-bas
Page 425 and 426:
404seed at affordable price to farm
Page 427 and 428:
406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
Page 429 and 430:
408Table 3. Average labor costs and
Page 431 and 432:
410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
Page 433 and 434:
412communautaire de semences de ma
Page 435 and 436:
414producing QPM seed at the commun
Page 437 and 438:
416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
Page 439 and 440:
418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
Page 441 and 442:
420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
Page 443 and 444:
422Effets de la rotation et de l’
Page 445 and 446:
424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
Page 447 and 448:
426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
Page 449 and 450:
428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
Page 451 and 452:
430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
Page 453 and 454:
432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
Page 455 and 456:
434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
Page 457 and 458:
436
Page 459 and 460:
438
Page 461 and 462:
440ont été analysés pour leur co
Page 463 and 464:
442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
Page 465 and 466:
444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
Page 467 and 468:
446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
Page 469 and 470:
448germination. In general, the pea
Page 471 and 472:
450after cooking of maize malted fl
Page 473 and 474:
452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
Page 475 and 476:
454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
Page 477 and 478:
456considerably and this is attribu
Page 479 and 480:
458resulting products (fl ours, dou
Page 481 and 482:
460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
Page 483 and 484:
462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
Page 485 and 486:
46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
Page 487 and 488:
466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
Page 489 and 490:
468Adaptation et utilisation de var
Page 491 and 492:
470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
Page 493 and 494:
472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
Page 495 and 496:
474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
Page 497 and 498:
476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
Page 499 and 500:
478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
Page 501 and 502:
480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
Page 503 and 504:
482des demandeurs à payer et est d
Page 505 and 506:
484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
Page 507 and 508:
486
Page 509 and 510:
488
Page 511 and 512:
490Breeding, Seed Production and St
Page 513 and 514:
4921. Propose approaches/innovation
Page 515 and 516:
494identifi cation, planning and im
Page 517:
496
show all

Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?