Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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Schultz, T.W., 1964. Transforming traditional agriculture. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press.Seyoum, E.T., G.E. Battese, and E.M. Fleming, 1998. Technical effi ciency andproductivity of maize producers in eastern Ethiopia: a study of farmerswithin and outside the Sasakawa Global 2000 project. AgriculturalEconomics 19(3):341–348.Sharma, K.R., P. Leung, and H.M. Zalleski, 1999. Technical, allocative, and economiceffi ciencies in swine production in Hawaii: a comparison of parametric andnon-parametric approaches. Agricultural Economics 20(1):23–35.Singh, S., T. Coelli, and E. Fleming, 2000. Measurement of technical,allocative, and economic effi ciency in Indian dairy processing plants: aninput distance function approach. CEPA Working Papers, Department ofEconometrics, University of New England, Australia.Techane, A. and D. Mulat, 1999. Institutional reforms and sustainable inputsupply and distribution in Ethiopia. In N. Workineh, D. Legesse, H. Abebe,and B. Solomon (eds.) Institutions for rural development. Proceedingsof the 4th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society ofEthiopia, Addis Ababa.Xu, X. and S.R. Jeffrey, 1998. Effi ciency and technical progress in traditionaland modern agriculture: evidence from rice production in China.Agricultural Economics 18:117–165.401
402Socio-economics of community-based maize seedproduction in the Guinea savanna of NigeriaM.O. Akinola 1 , S.A. Sanni 1 , I. Usman 2 , F. Orakwe 2 , 3 J.E. Onyibe, and M.A. Hussaini 41Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural SociologyAhmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria2Department of Plant Science, Ahmadu Bello University3NAERLS, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria4Department of Agronomy, Bayero University, Kano, NigeriaAbstractThe objectives of this study were to assess the socio-economicfeasibility of maize seed production at community level, identifyfarmers’ preferences among the varieties introduced and investigatethe problems and prospects of the technology. The ultimate goal is topromote sustainable community-based maize seed production in theGuinea savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. Using a semi-structuredquestionnaire, 50 participating farmers in the project were surveyed.Descriptive statistics and farm budgeting techniques were used toanalyze the data collected from the participating farmers. The resultsshowed that, at the initial stages of the project, most farmers preferredthe ACR Pool–16 maize variety because of its high yield and easymilling quality. At the later stages, TZL Comp 1 became the preferredvariety due to its resistance to Striga parasitism. The least preferredvariety was TZEE Y 1because yellow maize was not in popular demandin the study area. The total variable costs per hectare of maize seedfarm was N41, 815.43 (US$ 1=N130). Labour and fertilizer costsaccounted for about 53% and 19% of the total variable costs. Anaverage seed yield of 2100 kg/ha was realized, amounting to aboutN168,000/ha. A gross margin of N126,184.57/ha was estimated.The return to investment on maize seed production was about N3 perNaira invested. The benefi ts accruing to participating farmers includedincreased income and improved social status in their communities. Themajor problems highlighted by the farmers were high labor demandand poor market/prices of maize seed. In spite of these problems, thefarmers considered maize seed production as a profi table enterprise.RésuméCette étude avait pour objet d’évaluer la faisabilité socio-économiquede la production communautaire durable de semences de maïs,identifi er les préference des paysans entre les variétés introduiteset investiguer les problemes et prospects de la technologie. Le butfi nal est la promotion de la production comunautaire de semence de
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iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
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iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
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vAssessment of Striga infestation i
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viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
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ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
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Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
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xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
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xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
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xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
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xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
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1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
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4skills of the scientists and impro
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6collaborating scientists. This is
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8fi ndings to their peers. They are
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10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
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12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
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14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
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16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
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18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
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20DiscussionResults of the analyses
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22the Lead Country Concept was not
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24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
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26et des lignées dotées de résis
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28Overview of the strategy for deve
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30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
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32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
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34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
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36different germplasm and for placi
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38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
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40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
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42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
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44sur la performance de leurs hybri
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46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
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48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
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50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
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52employed to exploit non-additive
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54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
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56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
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58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
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60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
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62ConclusionThe results of this stu
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64Combining ability of diverse maiz
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66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
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68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
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70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
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72Table 5. Estimates of general com
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74Table 7. Estimates of general com
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76yield under Striga infestation. T
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78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
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80Maize accounts for between 30 and
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82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
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84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
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86interest, including early, medium
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88IntroductionThe multi-environment
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90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
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922Table 3: Average proportion of t
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94genotypes within the target sets.
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96residual interaction matrix has b
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98Effects of farmers’ seed source
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100known. The objective of this stu
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102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
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104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
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106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
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108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
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110In collaboration with the Intern
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112to farmers. Recommendations had
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114maize, the highest grain yield a
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116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
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118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
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120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
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122
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124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
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126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
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128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
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130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
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132Yield increase and relative yiel
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134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
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136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
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138Residual benefits of soybean gen
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140The cultivation of leguminous cr
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142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
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144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
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146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
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152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
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154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
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156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
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158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
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160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
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162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
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164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
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166ConclusionFrom the results of th
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168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
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170la variété de maïs tolérant
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172It is necessary to validate that
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174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
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176of cowpea, than in the farmers
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178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
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180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
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182potential in comparison to the t
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184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
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186Table 3. Means for days to silki
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188DiscussionThe observed effects o
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190the yield potential of the genot
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192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
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194Genotypic variation of soybean f
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1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
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198Experimental layout, planting an
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200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
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202Figure 1. Relationships between
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204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
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206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
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208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
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210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
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212colonization in previous RP plot
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214(Table 8). However, within speci
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216maize-after-soybean plots over t
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218The observed trends in grain yie
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220in soybean than in maize grain d
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222IITA (International Institute of
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224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
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226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
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228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
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230L’espérance de la matrice de
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232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
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234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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238seconde stratégie répond bien
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240
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242
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244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
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246Field surveysField surveys were
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248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
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250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
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252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
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254Signifi cant correlations were f
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256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
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258faibles réactions qui indiquent
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260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
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262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
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264Table 5. Larval feeding response
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266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
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268on moderately resistant and susc
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270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
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272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
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274the baseline for environmental m
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276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
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278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
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280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
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282The use of spicy plant oils agai
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284The objectives of the present st
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286% mortality100908070605040302010
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288saturated atmosphere in the dark
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290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
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292intercropped with groundnut, and
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294du Striga. Les observations ont
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296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
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298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
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300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
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302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
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304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
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306developed herbicide resistant li
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308geo-referenced data from a farm-
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310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
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312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
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314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
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316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
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318Table 1. Relative abundance and
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320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
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322were the predominant predator sp
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324on insect infestation and the as
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326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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328
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330impliquées dans la production d
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332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
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334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
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336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
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338farmers are given the appropriat
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340RésuméUne étude combinée de
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342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
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344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
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346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
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348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
Page 371 and 372: 350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
Page 373 and 374: 352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
Page 375 and 376: 354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
Page 377 and 378: 356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
Page 379 and 380: 358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
Page 381 and 382: 36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
Page 383 and 384: 362ISTA (International Seed Testing
Page 385 and 386: 364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
Page 387 and 388: 366variété améliorée et un tém
Page 389 and 390: 368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
Page 391 and 392: 370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
Page 393 and 394: 372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
Page 395 and 396: 374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
Page 397 and 398: 376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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Page 403 and 404: 382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
Page 405 and 406: 384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
Page 407 and 408: 386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
Page 409 and 410: 388Unexploited yield and profitabil
Page 411 and 412: 390and input combinations. A number
Page 413 and 414: 392The production function in equat
Page 415 and 416: 394host of socio-economic and insti
Page 417 and 418: 396Table 3. Frequency distribution
Page 419 and 420: 398The adjusted R-squared value and
Page 421: 400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
Page 425 and 426: 404seed at affordable price to farm
Page 427 and 428: 406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
Page 429 and 430: 408Table 3. Average labor costs and
Page 431 and 432: 410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
Page 433 and 434: 412communautaire de semences de ma
Page 435 and 436: 414producing QPM seed at the commun
Page 437 and 438: 416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
Page 439 and 440: 418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
Page 441 and 442: 420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
Page 443 and 444: 422Effets de la rotation et de l’
Page 445 and 446: 424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
Page 447 and 448: 426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
Page 449 and 450: 428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
Page 451 and 452: 430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
Page 453 and 454: 432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
Page 455 and 456: 434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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Page 461 and 462: 440ont été analysés pour leur co
Page 463 and 464: 442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
Page 465 and 466: 444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
Page 467 and 468: 446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
Page 469 and 470: 448germination. In general, the pea
Page 471 and 472: 450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
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490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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