Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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101at the rate of 90:60:30 NPK/ha and standard weed control measureswere applied to clean weeds. Agronomic traits measured includednumber of days to fl ower, percentage lodging and grain yield.Results and DiscussionIn the laboratory, slight increases in complete staining of the embryonictissues were observed in the certifi ed seeds over the farmer-savedseeds (Fig. 1). Visual observation during germination showed thedevelopment of healthy seedlings in the certifi ed seeds, whereas thefarmer-saved seed showed fungal infection and stunting (Fig. 2). Thecertifi ed seeds had higher 1000 seed weight, ranging between 330and 350 g (Fig. 3), which is comparable to the characteristic 1000seed weight (350 g) of the variety Obatanpa determined earlier byAsiedu et al. (2000a). The farmer-saved seeds were lower in seedweight, ranging between 206 and 310 g, possibly due to suboptimumfi eld conditions, including drought stress, low soil fertilityand poor weed control during seed production. In addition, farmers’seeds were stored under unfavorable natural conditions, includinghigh temperature and high relative humidity, resulting in enhancedphysiological aging, fungal infection and consequently reduced seedweight. Such seeds would normally exhibit low nutrient content andseedling vigour (Asiedu et al. 2000a).The number of seedlings counted 2 WAP at the two locationsranged between 56,000 and 57,000 plants per hectare for the certifi edseeds and 47,500 to 51,000 for farmer-saved seed (Fig. 4a). Plantcount prior to harvest ranged from 52,500 to 57,000 per hectare forcertifi ed seeds and 46,000 to 50,000 plants per hectare for farmersavedseeds (Fig. 4b). The low seedling count of the farmer-savedseeds could result from poor seed quality. For both seedlots plantedat Kwadaso, a signifi cant decrease occurred from seedling to harvest,whereas at Ejura such a decrease was not observed. The decrease inseedling counts against the target 62,500 plants per hectare mighthave been the result of the effects of fi eld conditions, including soilproperties, pathogens and pests, whereas the subsequent decreaseprior to harvest at Kwadaso resulted from pre-maturity lodging.Plants produced from both the certifi ed and the farmer-saved seedsfl owered around 55 days (Fig. 5), which is the characteristic fl oweringdate for Obatanpa (Asiedu et al. 2000a). This indicated that the seedscollected from both sources were indeed of the same maturity rating.Farmer-saved seed was slightly late for the seed samples collected atEjura, Nkoranza and Wenchi, which may be the result of slow growthrate due to reduced seed vigour as observed with poor TTC staining (Fig.1), low germination test (Fig. 2) and low 1000 seed weight (Fig. 3).
102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds with complete vital staining ofembryos of farmer-saved and certified seeds sampledfrom four major maize producing districts of Ghana; (B)Farmer-saved seed showing poor level of vital staining;(C) Certified seed showing good level of vital staining.Figure 2. Germinating (a) farmer-saved and (b) certifiedseeds showing differences in fungal infection andseedling vigour.
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iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
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iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
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vAssessment of Striga infestation i
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viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
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ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
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Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
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xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
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xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
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xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
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xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
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1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
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4skills of the scientists and impro
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6collaborating scientists. This is
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8fi ndings to their peers. They are
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10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
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12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
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14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
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16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
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18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
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20DiscussionResults of the analyses
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22the Lead Country Concept was not
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24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
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26et des lignées dotées de résis
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28Overview of the strategy for deve
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30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
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32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
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34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
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36different germplasm and for placi
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38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
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40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
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42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
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44sur la performance de leurs hybri
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46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
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48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
Page 71 and 72: 50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
Page 73 and 74: 52employed to exploit non-additive
Page 75 and 76: 54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
Page 77 and 78: 56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
Page 79 and 80: 58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
Page 81 and 82: 60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
Page 83 and 84: 62ConclusionThe results of this stu
Page 85 and 86: 64Combining ability of diverse maiz
Page 87 and 88: 66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
Page 89 and 90: 68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
Page 91 and 92: 70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
Page 93 and 94: 72Table 5. Estimates of general com
Page 95 and 96: 74Table 7. Estimates of general com
Page 97 and 98: 76yield under Striga infestation. T
Page 99 and 100: 78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
Page 101 and 102: 80Maize accounts for between 30 and
Page 103 and 104: 82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
Page 105 and 106: 84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
Page 107 and 108: 86interest, including early, medium
Page 109 and 110: 88IntroductionThe multi-environment
Page 111 and 112: 90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
Page 113 and 114: 922Table 3: Average proportion of t
Page 115 and 116: 94genotypes within the target sets.
Page 117 and 118: 96residual interaction matrix has b
Page 119 and 120: 98Effects of farmers’ seed source
Page 121: 100known. The objective of this stu
Page 125 and 126: 104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
Page 127 and 128: 106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
Page 129 and 130: 108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
Page 131 and 132: 110In collaboration with the Intern
Page 133 and 134: 112to farmers. Recommendations had
Page 135 and 136: 114maize, the highest grain yield a
Page 137 and 138: 116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
Page 139 and 140: 118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
Page 141 and 142: 120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
Page 143 and 144: 122
Page 145 and 146: 124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
Page 147 and 148: 126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
Page 149 and 150: 128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
Page 151 and 152: 130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
Page 153 and 154: 132Yield increase and relative yiel
Page 155 and 156: 134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
Page 157 and 158: 136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
Page 159 and 160: 138Residual benefits of soybean gen
Page 161 and 162: 140The cultivation of leguminous cr
Page 163 and 164: 142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
Page 165 and 166: 144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
Page 167 and 168: 146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
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152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
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154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
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156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
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158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
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160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
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162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
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164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
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166ConclusionFrom the results of th
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168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
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170la variété de maïs tolérant
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172It is necessary to validate that
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174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
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176of cowpea, than in the farmers
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178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
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180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
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182potential in comparison to the t
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184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
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186Table 3. Means for days to silki
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188DiscussionThe observed effects o
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190the yield potential of the genot
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192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
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194Genotypic variation of soybean f
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1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
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198Experimental layout, planting an
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200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
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202Figure 1. Relationships between
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204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
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206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
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208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
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210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
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212colonization in previous RP plot
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214(Table 8). However, within speci
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216maize-after-soybean plots over t
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218The observed trends in grain yie
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220in soybean than in maize grain d
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222IITA (International Institute of
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224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
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226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
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228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
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230L’espérance de la matrice de
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232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
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234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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238seconde stratégie répond bien
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240
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242
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244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
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246Field surveysField surveys were
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248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
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250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
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252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
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254Signifi cant correlations were f
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256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
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258faibles réactions qui indiquent
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260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
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262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
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264Table 5. Larval feeding response
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266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
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268on moderately resistant and susc
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270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
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272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
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274the baseline for environmental m
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276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
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278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
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280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
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282The use of spicy plant oils agai
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284The objectives of the present st
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286% mortality100908070605040302010
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288saturated atmosphere in the dark
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290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
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292intercropped with groundnut, and
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294du Striga. Les observations ont
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296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
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298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
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300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
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302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
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304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
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306developed herbicide resistant li
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308geo-referenced data from a farm-
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310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
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312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
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314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
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316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
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318Table 1. Relative abundance and
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320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
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322were the predominant predator sp
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324on insect infestation and the as
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326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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328
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330impliquées dans la production d
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332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
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334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
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336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
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338farmers are given the appropriat
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340RésuméUne étude combinée de
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342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
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344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
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346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
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348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
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350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
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352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
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354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
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356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
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358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
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36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
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362ISTA (International Seed Testing
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364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
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366variété améliorée et un tém
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368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
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370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
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372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
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374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
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376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
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380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
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382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
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384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
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386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
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388Unexploited yield and profitabil
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390and input combinations. A number
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392The production function in equat
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394host of socio-economic and insti
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396Table 3. Frequency distribution
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398The adjusted R-squared value and
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400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
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402Socio-economics of community-bas
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404seed at affordable price to farm
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406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
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408Table 3. Average labor costs and
Page 431 and 432:
410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
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412communautaire de semences de ma
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414producing QPM seed at the commun
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416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
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418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
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420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
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422Effets de la rotation et de l’
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424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
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426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
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428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
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430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
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432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
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434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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436
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438
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440ont été analysés pour leur co
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442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
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444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
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446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
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448germination. In general, the pea
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450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
Page 511 and 512:
490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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