Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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Mackenzie, D. R., A.G. Mexas, K.W. Finlay, and N.E. Borlaug, 1971. Resultsof the Wheat Improvement Centre Research Bull. No. 18, CIMMYT,Mexicao.Mandel, J., 1971. A new analysis of variance model for non-additive data.Technometrics 13: 1–18.Mather, K. and P.D.S. Caligari, 1974. Genotype x environment interactions.I. Regression of interaction on overall effect of the environment. Heredity33: 43–59.Piepho, H.P., 1994. Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) for regionaltrials: a comparison to additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) analysis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 89: 647–654.Romagosa, I. and P.N. Fox, 1993. Genotype x environment interactions andadaptation. Breeding Principles and Prospects. Chapman and Hall, London,UK. Pp 373–390.97
98Effects of farmers’ seed source on maizeseed quality and crop productivity in GhanaE.A. Asiedu, R. Asante, P.Y.K Sallah, Alhassan Baduon and E. AvahCrops Research Institute, Kumasi, GhanaAbstractAlthough farmer-saved seed constitutes about 90% of maize seedplanted annually in Ghana, its effects on crop performance is not fullyknown. A study was conducted to determine the seed quality and fi eldperformance of farmer-saved seed of the most popular quality proteinmaize (QPM) variety, Obatanpa, compared to the certifi ed seed ofthe same variety. Certifi ed seed samples collected from four locations(Wenchi, Nkoranza, Ejura and Kwadaso) in Ghana showed higherpercentage complete vital staining of embryos using 2,3,5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), as well as higher 1000 seed weight,indicating high vigour and complete seed development. Whereasgerminating seedlings of the certifi ed seeds did not show any fungalgrowth, farmer-saved seeds showed profuse fungal development andstunting. Reduction in seedling counts was 9% in certifi ed seeds and24% in farmer-saved seeds, whereas reduction in plant counts priorto harvest was 12% in certifi ed seeds and 23% in farmer-saved seeds.Plants originating from certifi ed seeds fl owered at the predetermineddate of 55 days, whereas the farmer-saved seeds fl owered about a dayor two later due to reduced vigour. Less lodging occurred in plantsoriginating from certifi ed seeds, particularly in the trial planted at Ejura(Transition zone) than in Kwadao (Forest zone). The use of certifi edseeds increased grain yield by 47% over the farmer-saved seeds. Thestudy therefore demonstrates the importance of certifi ed seeds inincreasing maize productivity and farmers’ incomes.RésuméBien que les semences conservées par les agriculteurs constituent prèsde 90% des semences de maïs cultivées annuellement au Ghana,leurs effets sur la performance de la culture ne sont pas pleinementconnus. Une étude a été conduite pour déterminer la qualité et laperformance des semences conservées par les agriculteurs de lavariété de maïs riche en protéines de qualité la plus populaire (QPM),Obatanpa, en comparaison avec les semences certifi ées de la mêmevariété. Les échantillons de semences certifi ées recueillis dans quatre
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iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
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iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
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vAssessment of Striga infestation i
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viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
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ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
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Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
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xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
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xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
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xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
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xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
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1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
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4skills of the scientists and impro
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6collaborating scientists. This is
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8fi ndings to their peers. They are
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10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
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12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
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14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
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16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
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18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
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20DiscussionResults of the analyses
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22the Lead Country Concept was not
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24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
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26et des lignées dotées de résis
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28Overview of the strategy for deve
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30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
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32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
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34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
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36different germplasm and for placi
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38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
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40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
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42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
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44sur la performance de leurs hybri
Page 67 and 68: 46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
Page 69 and 70: 48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
Page 71 and 72: 50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
Page 73 and 74: 52employed to exploit non-additive
Page 75 and 76: 54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
Page 77 and 78: 56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
Page 79 and 80: 58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
Page 81 and 82: 60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
Page 83 and 84: 62ConclusionThe results of this stu
Page 85 and 86: 64Combining ability of diverse maiz
Page 87 and 88: 66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
Page 89 and 90: 68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
Page 91 and 92: 70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
Page 93 and 94: 72Table 5. Estimates of general com
Page 95 and 96: 74Table 7. Estimates of general com
Page 97 and 98: 76yield under Striga infestation. T
Page 99 and 100: 78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
Page 101 and 102: 80Maize accounts for between 30 and
Page 103 and 104: 82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
Page 105 and 106: 84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
Page 107 and 108: 86interest, including early, medium
Page 109 and 110: 88IntroductionThe multi-environment
Page 111 and 112: 90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
Page 113 and 114: 922Table 3: Average proportion of t
Page 115 and 116: 94genotypes within the target sets.
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Page 121 and 122: 100known. The objective of this stu
Page 123 and 124: 102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
Page 125 and 126: 104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
Page 127 and 128: 106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
Page 129 and 130: 108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
Page 131 and 132: 110In collaboration with the Intern
Page 133 and 134: 112to farmers. Recommendations had
Page 135 and 136: 114maize, the highest grain yield a
Page 137 and 138: 116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
Page 139 and 140: 118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
Page 141 and 142: 120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
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Page 145 and 146: 124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
Page 147 and 148: 126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
Page 149 and 150: 128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
Page 151 and 152: 130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
Page 153 and 154: 132Yield increase and relative yiel
Page 155 and 156: 134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
Page 157 and 158: 136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
Page 159 and 160: 138Residual benefits of soybean gen
Page 161 and 162: 140The cultivation of leguminous cr
Page 163 and 164: 142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
Page 165 and 166: 144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
Page 167 and 168: 146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
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148Table 6. Rotation† and fertili
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150Table 9. Rotation† and fertili
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152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
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154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
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156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
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158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
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160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
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162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
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164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
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166ConclusionFrom the results of th
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168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
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170la variété de maïs tolérant
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172It is necessary to validate that
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174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
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176of cowpea, than in the farmers
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178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
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180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
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182potential in comparison to the t
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184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
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186Table 3. Means for days to silki
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188DiscussionThe observed effects o
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190the yield potential of the genot
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192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
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194Genotypic variation of soybean f
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1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
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198Experimental layout, planting an
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200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
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202Figure 1. Relationships between
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204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
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206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
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208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
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210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
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212colonization in previous RP plot
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214(Table 8). However, within speci
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216maize-after-soybean plots over t
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218The observed trends in grain yie
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220in soybean than in maize grain d
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222IITA (International Institute of
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224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
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226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
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228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
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230L’espérance de la matrice de
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232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
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234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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238seconde stratégie répond bien
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240
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242
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244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
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246Field surveysField surveys were
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248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
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250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
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252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
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254Signifi cant correlations were f
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256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
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258faibles réactions qui indiquent
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260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
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262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
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264Table 5. Larval feeding response
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266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
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268on moderately resistant and susc
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270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
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272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
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274the baseline for environmental m
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276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
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278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
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280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
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282The use of spicy plant oils agai
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284The objectives of the present st
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286% mortality100908070605040302010
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288saturated atmosphere in the dark
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290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
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292intercropped with groundnut, and
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294du Striga. Les observations ont
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296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
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298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
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300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
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302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
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304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
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306developed herbicide resistant li
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308geo-referenced data from a farm-
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310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
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312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
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314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
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316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
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318Table 1. Relative abundance and
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320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
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322were the predominant predator sp
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324on insect infestation and the as
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326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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328
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330impliquées dans la production d
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332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
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334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
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336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
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338farmers are given the appropriat
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340RésuméUne étude combinée de
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342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
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344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
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346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
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348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
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350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
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352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
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354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
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356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
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358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
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36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
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362ISTA (International Seed Testing
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364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
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366variété améliorée et un tém
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368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
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370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
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372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
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374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
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376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
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380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
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382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
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384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
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386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
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388Unexploited yield and profitabil
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390and input combinations. A number
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392The production function in equat
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394host of socio-economic and insti
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396Table 3. Frequency distribution
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398The adjusted R-squared value and
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400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
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402Socio-economics of community-bas
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404seed at affordable price to farm
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406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
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408Table 3. Average labor costs and
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410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
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412communautaire de semences de ma
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414producing QPM seed at the commun
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416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
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418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
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420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
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422Effets de la rotation et de l’
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424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
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426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
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428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
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430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
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432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
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434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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436
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438
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440ont été analysés pour leur co
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442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
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444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
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446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
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448germination. In general, the pea
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450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
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490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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