Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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(Table 3). This prompted the use of multivariate analysis to identify themajor genotypic patterns. The fi rst three principal components witheigenvalues ≥0.3 under both Striga-infested and Striga-free conditionssummarized 72% of the multivariate variation in inbred means (datanot shown) and were the most important. The traits loaded on thethree axes were used <strong>for</strong> the grouping of the inbred lines. The inbredlines evaluated under Striga infestation were clustered using grainyield, days to 50% silking, plant height, EPP, ASI, Striga emergencecounts and damage rating (Fig. 1). On the other hand, the inbredlines evaluated under Striga-free conditions were grouped based ongrain yield, days to 50% silking, plant height, EPP and ASI (Fig. 2). Theresulting dendrograms generated four main groups <strong>for</strong> the inbredlines under Striga infestation and six main groups under Striga-freeconditions. Under Striga infestation, group 1 was represented by 17inbred lines; group 2 by 11 inbred lines; group 3 by one inbred line(inbred 6) and group 4 by six inbred lines. Ten of the inbreds in group1 had white endosperm color and were derived from TZEE-W SR BC 5× 1368 STR; two had white endosperm color and were extracted fromTZEE-W Pop while the remaining fi ve lines had yellow endosperm andwere derived from TZEE-Y SR BC 1× 9450 STR. Group 2 containedinbred lines derived from two germplasm sources, TZEE-W SR BC 5×1368 STR and TZEE-Y SR BC 1× 9450. The extra-early inbreds weregrouped into six major clusters under Striga-free conditions (Fig. 2).The number and type of inbred lines in the different clusters underStriga-free conditions were different from those in the correspondingclusters generated under Striga infestation. As under Striga infestation,the inbred lines in clusters 1, 2 and 4 were derived from differentsource populations. It is interesting to note that in some cases someinbred lines derived from the same germplasm sources were placedin different clusters while in others they were grouped together. Forexample, inbreds derived from TZEE-W SR BC 5× 1368 STR werefound in all groups under both environments. On the contrary, all theyellow endosperm inbred lines derived from TZEE-Y SR BC 1× 9450STR (31, 32, 33 and 34) were placed in group 1 under both Strigainfestedand non-infested conditions. Furthermore, inbreds 20 and 21derived from TZEE-W Pop were both placed in group 1 under Strigainfestation while inbred 20 was placed in group 1 and inbred 21 ingroup 5 under Striga-free conditions.The results of this study indicate that the clustering of the inbredlines under Striga infestation was in some cases dependent on thegermplasm source from which they were derived while in somecases the grouping was independent of the genetic background.Furthermore, the yellow endosperm inbred lines were classifi ed intoone group suggesting that probably there is no genetic diversity among37
38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-early inbreds evaluated under Striga infestation at Mokwa and Abuja in 2004.
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iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
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iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
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vAssessment of Striga infestation i
Page 8 and 9: viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
Page 10 and 11: ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
Page 12 and 13: Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
Page 14 and 15: xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
Page 16 and 17: xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
Page 18 and 19: xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
Page 20 and 21: xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
Page 22: 1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
Page 25 and 26: 4skills of the scientists and impro
Page 27 and 28: 6collaborating scientists. This is
Page 29 and 30: 8fi ndings to their peers. They are
Page 31 and 32: 10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
Page 33 and 34: 12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
Page 35 and 36: 14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
Page 37 and 38: 16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
Page 39 and 40: 18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
Page 41 and 42: 20DiscussionResults of the analyses
Page 43 and 44: 22the Lead Country Concept was not
Page 45 and 46: 24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
Page 47 and 48: 26et des lignées dotées de résis
Page 49 and 50: 28Overview of the strategy for deve
Page 51 and 52: 30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
Page 53 and 54: 32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
Page 55 and 56: 34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
Page 57: 36different germplasm and for placi
Page 61 and 62: 40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
Page 63 and 64: 42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
Page 65 and 66: 44sur la performance de leurs hybri
Page 67 and 68: 46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
Page 69 and 70: 48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
Page 71 and 72: 50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
Page 73 and 74: 52employed to exploit non-additive
Page 75 and 76: 54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
Page 77 and 78: 56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
Page 79 and 80: 58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
Page 81 and 82: 60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
Page 83 and 84: 62ConclusionThe results of this stu
Page 85 and 86: 64Combining ability of diverse maiz
Page 87 and 88: 66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
Page 89 and 90: 68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
Page 91 and 92: 70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
Page 93 and 94: 72Table 5. Estimates of general com
Page 95 and 96: 74Table 7. Estimates of general com
Page 97 and 98: 76yield under Striga infestation. T
Page 99 and 100: 78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
Page 101 and 102: 80Maize accounts for between 30 and
Page 103 and 104: 82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
Page 105 and 106: 84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
Page 107 and 108: 86interest, including early, medium
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88IntroductionThe multi-environment
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90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
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922Table 3: Average proportion of t
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94genotypes within the target sets.
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96residual interaction matrix has b
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98Effects of farmers’ seed source
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100known. The objective of this stu
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102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
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104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
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106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
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108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
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110In collaboration with the Intern
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112to farmers. Recommendations had
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114maize, the highest grain yield a
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116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
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118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
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120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
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122
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124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
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126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
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128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
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130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
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132Yield increase and relative yiel
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134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
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136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
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138Residual benefits of soybean gen
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140The cultivation of leguminous cr
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142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
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144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
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146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
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152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
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154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
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156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
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158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
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160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
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162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
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164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
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166ConclusionFrom the results of th
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168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
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170la variété de maïs tolérant
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172It is necessary to validate that
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174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
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176of cowpea, than in the farmers
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178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
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180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
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182potential in comparison to the t
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184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
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186Table 3. Means for days to silki
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188DiscussionThe observed effects o
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190the yield potential of the genot
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192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
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194Genotypic variation of soybean f
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1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
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198Experimental layout, planting an
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200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
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202Figure 1. Relationships between
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204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
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206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
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208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
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210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
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212colonization in previous RP plot
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214(Table 8). However, within speci
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216maize-after-soybean plots over t
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218The observed trends in grain yie
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220in soybean than in maize grain d
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222IITA (International Institute of
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224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
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226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
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228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
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230L’espérance de la matrice de
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232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
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234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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238seconde stratégie répond bien
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240
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242
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244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
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246Field surveysField surveys were
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248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
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250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
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252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
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254Signifi cant correlations were f
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256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
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258faibles réactions qui indiquent
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260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
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262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
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264Table 5. Larval feeding response
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266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
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268on moderately resistant and susc
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270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
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272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
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274the baseline for environmental m
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276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
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278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
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280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
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282The use of spicy plant oils agai
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284The objectives of the present st
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286% mortality100908070605040302010
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288saturated atmosphere in the dark
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290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
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292intercropped with groundnut, and
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294du Striga. Les observations ont
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296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
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298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
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300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
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302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
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304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
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306developed herbicide resistant li
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308geo-referenced data from a farm-
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310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
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312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
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314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
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316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
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318Table 1. Relative abundance and
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320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
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322were the predominant predator sp
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324on insect infestation and the as
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326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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328
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330impliquées dans la production d
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332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
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334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
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336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
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338farmers are given the appropriat
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340RésuméUne étude combinée de
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342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
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344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
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346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
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348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
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350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
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352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
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354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
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356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
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358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
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36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
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362ISTA (International Seed Testing
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364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
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366variété améliorée et un tém
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368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
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370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
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372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
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374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
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376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
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380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
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382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
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384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
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386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
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388Unexploited yield and profitabil
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390and input combinations. A number
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392The production function in equat
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394host of socio-economic and insti
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396Table 3. Frequency distribution
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398The adjusted R-squared value and
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400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
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402Socio-economics of community-bas
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404seed at affordable price to farm
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406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
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408Table 3. Average labor costs and
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410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
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412communautaire de semences de ma
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414producing QPM seed at the commun
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416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
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418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
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420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
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422Effets de la rotation et de l’
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424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
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426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
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428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
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430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
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432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
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434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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436
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438
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440ont été analysés pour leur co
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442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
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444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
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446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
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448germination. In general, the pea
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450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
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490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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