Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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Oikeh, S.O., J.G. Kling, W.J. Horst, V.O. Chude and R.J. Carsky, 1999. Growthand distribution of maize roots under nitrogen fertilization in plinthite soil.Field Crops Research 62: 1–13.Oikeh, S.O., R.J. Carsky, J.G. Kling, V.O. Chude and W.J. Horst, 2003. DifferentialN uptake by maize cultivars and soil nitrate dynamics underN fertilization in West Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment100:181–191.Sanginga, N., K.E. Dashiell, J. Diels, B. Vanlauwe, O. Lyasse, R.J. Carsky, S.Tarawali, B. Asafo-Adjei, A. Menkir, S. Schulz, B.B. Singh, D. Chikoye, D.Keatinge and R. Ortiz, 2003. Sustainable resource management coupledto resilient germplasm to provide new intensive cereal–grain–legume–livestock systems in the dry savanna. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment100(2-3): 305–314.SAS Institute Inc. 1990. SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 6, 4 th edn. Cary,USA: SAS Institute Inc.193
194Genotypic variation of soybean for phosphorususe efficiency and their contribution of N and Pto subsequent maize crops in three ecologicalzones of West AfricaR.C. Abaidoo 1 , N. Sanginga 2 , J.A. Okogun 1 , G.O. Kolawole 1 , B.K. Tossah 3 , and J. Diels 11IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria2Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, Nairobi, Kenya3Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique, Lomé, TogoAbstractSoybean is a relatively new crop to most African smallholder farmingcommunities. Cultivation is expanding rapidly because of its perceivedpotential to enhance soil fertility through biological nitrogen fi xationand its source as food and cash. High N 2fi xation in promiscuoussoybean genotypes is, however, likely to be constrained in low P soilswhere fertilizer is rarely applied. Thirteen soybean genotypes wereevaluated in three ecological zones of Nigeria for (1) N 2fi xation, toleranceto low soil P (0P), and response to P fertilizer application (90 kg P ha -1 asRock Phosphate (RP) or 30 kg P ha -1 as Triple Superphosphate (TSP)),and (2) the potential contribution of N and P to a subsequent maize crop.Results showed that soybean grain yields were generally low withoutP fertilization. Increases in grain yield in response to P applicationwere genotype- and location-dependent and ranged from 3 to 308%within TSP treatments and from –16 to 152% within RP treatments. Pexported in the grain of soybean genotypes also increased in responseto P application at all the locations and ranged from 16 to 327%,depending on genotype and location. Total N exported in the grain ofsoybean was greater than N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) inmost genotypes, resulting in negative N balances in almost all soybeanplots with or without P application. Biomass, total P, and N content ofgrain of maize following soybean were also infl uenced by soil P and Ncontents at the three locations. There were few instances of signifi cantpositive N and P contributions from the previous P application andsoybean cultivation. Also, the cultivation of P-effi cient and high N-fi xing genotypes did not consistently result in a signifi cantly positive Nand P contribution to the subsequent maize crop.
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iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
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iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
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vAssessment of Striga infestation i
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viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
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ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
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Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
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xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
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xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
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xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
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xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
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1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
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4skills of the scientists and impro
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6collaborating scientists. This is
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8fi ndings to their peers. They are
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10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
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12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
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14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
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16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
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18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
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20DiscussionResults of the analyses
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22the Lead Country Concept was not
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24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
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26et des lignées dotées de résis
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28Overview of the strategy for deve
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30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
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32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
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34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
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36different germplasm and for placi
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38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
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40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
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42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
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44sur la performance de leurs hybri
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46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
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48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
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50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
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52employed to exploit non-additive
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54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
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56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
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58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
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60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
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62ConclusionThe results of this stu
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64Combining ability of diverse maiz
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66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
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68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
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70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
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72Table 5. Estimates of general com
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74Table 7. Estimates of general com
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76yield under Striga infestation. T
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78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
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80Maize accounts for between 30 and
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82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
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84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
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86interest, including early, medium
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88IntroductionThe multi-environment
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90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
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922Table 3: Average proportion of t
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94genotypes within the target sets.
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96residual interaction matrix has b
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98Effects of farmers’ seed source
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100known. The objective of this stu
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102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
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104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
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106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
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108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
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110In collaboration with the Intern
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112to farmers. Recommendations had
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114maize, the highest grain yield a
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116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
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118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
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120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
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122
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124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
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126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
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128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
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130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
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132Yield increase and relative yiel
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134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
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136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
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138Residual benefits of soybean gen
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140The cultivation of leguminous cr
Page 163 and 164: 142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
Page 165 and 166: 144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
Page 167 and 168: 146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
Page 173 and 174: 152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
Page 175 and 176: 154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
Page 177 and 178: 156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
Page 179 and 180: 158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
Page 181 and 182: 160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
Page 183 and 184: 162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
Page 185 and 186: 164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
Page 187 and 188: 166ConclusionFrom the results of th
Page 189 and 190: 168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
Page 191 and 192: 170la variété de maïs tolérant
Page 193 and 194: 172It is necessary to validate that
Page 195 and 196: 174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
Page 197 and 198: 176of cowpea, than in the farmers
Page 199 and 200: 178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
Page 201 and 202: 180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
Page 203 and 204: 182potential in comparison to the t
Page 205 and 206: 184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
Page 207 and 208: 186Table 3. Means for days to silki
Page 209 and 210: 188DiscussionThe observed effects o
Page 211 and 212: 190the yield potential of the genot
Page 213: 192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
Page 217 and 218: 1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
Page 219 and 220: 198Experimental layout, planting an
Page 221 and 222: 200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
Page 223 and 224: 202Figure 1. Relationships between
Page 225 and 226: 204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
Page 227 and 228: 206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
Page 229 and 230: 208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
Page 231 and 232: 210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
Page 233 and 234: 212colonization in previous RP plot
Page 235 and 236: 214(Table 8). However, within speci
Page 237 and 238: 216maize-after-soybean plots over t
Page 239 and 240: 218The observed trends in grain yie
Page 241 and 242: 220in soybean than in maize grain d
Page 243 and 244: 222IITA (International Institute of
Page 245 and 246: 224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
Page 247 and 248: 226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
Page 249 and 250: 228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
Page 251 and 252: 230L’espérance de la matrice de
Page 253 and 254: 232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
Page 255 and 256: 234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
Page 257 and 258: 236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
Page 259 and 260: 238seconde stratégie répond bien
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244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
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246Field surveysField surveys were
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248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
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250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
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252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
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254Signifi cant correlations were f
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256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
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258faibles réactions qui indiquent
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260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
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262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
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264Table 5. Larval feeding response
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266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
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268on moderately resistant and susc
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270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
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272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
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274the baseline for environmental m
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276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
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278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
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280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
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282The use of spicy plant oils agai
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284The objectives of the present st
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286% mortality100908070605040302010
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288saturated atmosphere in the dark
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290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
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292intercropped with groundnut, and
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294du Striga. Les observations ont
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296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
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298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
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300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
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302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
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304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
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306developed herbicide resistant li
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308geo-referenced data from a farm-
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310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
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312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
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314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
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316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
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318Table 1. Relative abundance and
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320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
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322were the predominant predator sp
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324on insect infestation and the as
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326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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328
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330impliquées dans la production d
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332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
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334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
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336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
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338farmers are given the appropriat
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340RésuméUne étude combinée de
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342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
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344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
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346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
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348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
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350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
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352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
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354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
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356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
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358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
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36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
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362ISTA (International Seed Testing
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364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
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366variété améliorée et un tém
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368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
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370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
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372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
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374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
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376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
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380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
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382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
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384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
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386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
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388Unexploited yield and profitabil
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390and input combinations. A number
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392The production function in equat
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394host of socio-economic and insti
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396Table 3. Frequency distribution
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398The adjusted R-squared value and
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400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
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402Socio-economics of community-bas
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404seed at affordable price to farm
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406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
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408Table 3. Average labor costs and
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410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
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412communautaire de semences de ma
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414producing QPM seed at the commun
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416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
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418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
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420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
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422Effets de la rotation et de l’
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424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
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426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
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428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
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430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
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432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
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434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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436
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438
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440ont été analysés pour leur co
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442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
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444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
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446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
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448germination. In general, the pea
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450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
Page 511 and 512:
490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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